Kuyini ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yenuzi?

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yenuzi kubhekwa kabanzi njengendlela ekhethwayo yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen enkulu, kodwa kubonakala sengathi kuqhubeka kancane. Ngakho-ke, kuyini ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yenuzi?

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yenuzi, okungukuthi, i-reactor yenuzi ehambisana nenqubo ethuthukisiwe yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngobuningi. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen okuvela emandleni enuzi kunezinzuzo zokungabi namagesi okushisa, amanzi njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nobukhulu obukhulu, ngakho-ke kuyisisombululo esibalulekile sokuhlinzekwa kwe-hydrogen enkulu esikhathini esizayo. Ngokusho kwezilinganiso ze-IAEA, i-reactor encane engu-250MW ingakhiqiza amathani angu-50 e-hydrogen ngosuku isebenzisa ukusabela kwenuzi okushisa okuphezulu.

Umgomo wokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen emandleni enuzi ukusebenzisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa yi-reactor yenuzi njengomthombo wamandla wokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, kanye nokufeza ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen okuphumelelayo nokukhulu ngokukhetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele. Futhi ukunciphisa noma ngisho nokuqeda ukukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa. Umdwebo we-schematic wokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen emandleni enuzi uboniswe esithombeni.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuguqula amandla enuzi abe amandla e-hydrogen, okuhlanganisa amanzi njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis, umjikelezo we-thermochemical, i-electrolysis ye-steam steam electrolysis ephezulu ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, i-hydrogen sulfide njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziqhekekayo ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, igesi yemvelo, amalahle, i-biomass njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziluhlaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, njll. Uma usebenzisa amanzi njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ayikhiqizi i-CO₂, engasusa ukukhishwa kwegesi lokushisa; Ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen kusuka kweminye imithombo kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi e-electrolysis yenuzi kuyinhlanganisela elula yokukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi kanye ne-electrolysis yendabuko, okuseseyinsimu yokukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi futhi ngokuvamile ayibhekwa njengobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen yenuzi yangempela. Ngakho-ke, umjikelezo we-thermochemical onamanzi njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa okugcwele noma okuyingxenye kokushisa kwenuzi kanye ne-electrolysis ye-steam yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kubhekwa njengokumelela isiqondiso esizayo sobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen yenuzi.

Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen emandleni enuzi: ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngamanzi e-electrolytic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ye-thermochemical. Ama-reactor enuzi ahlinzeka ngamandla kagesi kanye namandla okushisa ngokulandelana kwezindlela ezimbili ezingenhla zokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen.

Ukuhlanza amanzi nge-electrolysis ukuze kukhiqizwe i-hydrogen ukusebenzisa amandla enuzi ukukhiqiza ugesi, bese kuthi ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ye-electrolytic yamanzi ukubola amanzi abe yi-hydrogen. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngamanzi e-electrolytic kuyindlela yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen eqondile, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza i-hydrogen kwale ndlela (55% ~ 60%) kuphansi, noma ngabe ubuchwepheshe be-electrolysis yamanzi e-SPE obuthuthuke kakhulu busetshenziswa e-United States, ukusebenza kahle kwe-electrolytic kukhushulwa kufike ku-90%. Kodwa njengoba izitshalo eziningi zamandla enuzi okwamanje ziguqula ukushisa kube ugesi cishe cishe ngo-35% ukusebenza kahle, ukusebenza kahle kokugcina kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka ku-electrolysis yamanzi emandleni enuzi kungu-30% kuphela.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yamakhemikhali ashisayo kusekelwe kumjikelezo wamakhemikhali ashisayo, okuhlanganisa i-reactor yenuzi nedivayisi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen yomjikelezo wamakhemikhali ashisayo, kusetshenziswa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elinikezwa yi-reactor yenuzi njengomthombo wokushisa, ukuze amanzi ashukumise ukubola kokushisa ku-800℃ kuya ku-1000℃, ukuze kukhiqizwe i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yamanzi e-electrolytic, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yamakhemikhali ashisayo kuphakeme, ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele ngaphezu kuka-50%, izindleko ziphansi.