Chii chinonzi kugadzirwa kwehydrogen yenyukireya?

Kugadzirwa kwehydrogen yenyukireya kunoonekwa senzira inonyanya kufarirwa yekugadzira hydrogen yakawanda, asi zvinoita sekunge iri kufambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma. Saka, chii chinonzi kugadzirwa kwehydrogen yenyukireya?

Kugadzirwa kwehydrogen yenyukireya, kureva kuti, reactor yenyukireya pamwe chete nemaitiro epamusoro ekugadzira hydrogen, kuti igadzire hydrogen yakawanda. Kugadzirwa kwehydrogen kubva musimba renyukireya kune zvakanakira zvekusava nemagasi egreenhouse, mvura sezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, kushanda zvakanaka uye kwakakura, saka imhinduro yakakosha yekuwanikwa kwehydrogen yakawanda mune ramangwana. Sekureva kweIAEA, reactor diki ye250MW inogona kugadzira matani makumi mashanu ehydrogen pazuva ichishandisa maitiro enyukireya ekupisa kwakanyanya.

Nheyo yekugadzira hydrogen musimba renyukireya ndeyekushandisa kupisa kunogadzirwa nenyukireya senzvimbo yesimba rekugadzira hydrogen, uye kuita kuti kugadzirwa kwehydrogen kuve kwakanaka uye kwakakura nekusarudza tekinoroji yakakodzera. Uye kuderedza kana kutobvisa kuburitswa kwemhepo inopisa. Dhayagiramu yekugadzirwa kwehydrogen kubva musimba renyukireya inoratidzwa mumufananidzo.

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekushandura simba renyukireya kuita simba rehydrogen, kusanganisira mvura sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa kuburikidza ne electrolysis, thermochemical cycle, high temperature steam electrolysis hydrogen production, hydrogen sulfide sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zvinoputika hydrogen production, gasi rechisikigo, marasha, biomass sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa pyrolysis hydrogen production, nezvimwewo. Pakushandisa mvura sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, maitiro ese ekugadzira hydrogen haaburitse CO₂, iyo inogona kubvisa kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa; Kugadzira hydrogen kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo kunongoderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwemvura yenyukireya electrolysis ingori musanganiswa uri nyore wekugadzira simba renyukireya ne electrolysis yechinyakare, iyo ichiri yemunda wekugadzira simba renyukireya uye kazhinji haionekwi se tekinoroji chaiyo yekugadzira hydrogen yenyukireya. Nokudaro, thermochemical cycle nemvura sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, kushandiswa kwakazara kana kusakwana kwekupisa kwenyukireya uye high temperature steam electrolysis zvinoonekwa sezvinomiririra nhungamiro yeramangwana ye tekinoroji yekugadzira hydrogen yenyukireya.

Parizvino, kune nzira mbiri huru dzekugadzira hydrogen musimba renyukireya: kugadzirwa kwehydrogen mumvura ine electrolytic uye kugadzirwa kwehydrogen ine thermochemical. Ma reactor enyukireya anopa simba remagetsi uye simba rekupisa nenzira mbiri dzataurwa pamusoro apa dzekugadzira hydrogen.

Kugadzira electrolysis yemvura kuti igadzire hydrogen kunoreva kushandisa simba renyukireya kugadzira magetsi, uye kuburikidza nemudziyo wemagetsi wemvura kuti iparadze mvura kuita hydrogen. Kugadzira hydrogen nemvura yemagetsi inzira yekugadzira hydrogen yakananga, asi kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira hydrogen kwenzira iyi (55% ~ 60%) kwakaderera, kunyangwe tekinoroji yepamusoro yeSPE water electrolysis ikashandiswa muUnited States, kushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi kunowedzerwa kusvika 90%. Asi sezvo nzvimbo zhinji dzesimba renyukireya pari zvino dzichingoshandura kupisa kuita magetsi panosvika 35% kushanda zvakanaka, kushanda zvakanaka kwekupedzisira kwekugadzirwa kwehydrogen kubva kumagetsi emvura musimba renyukireya i30% chete.

Kugadzirwa kwehydrogen nemakemikari ekupisa kunobva pakutenderera kwemakemikari ekupisa, zvichibatanidza reactor yenyukireya nemudziyo wekugadzira hydrogen wekupisa nemakemikari, uchishandisa tembiricha yakakwira inopihwa neactor yenyukireya senzvimbo yekupisa, kuitira kuti mvura ikwanise kuparara kwekupisa pa800℃ kusvika 1000℃, kuitira kuti igadzire hydrogen neokisijeni. Kana tichienzanisa nekugadzirwa kwehydrogen nemvura yemagetsi, kushanda zvakanaka kwehydrogen mukugadzirwa kwehydrogen nemakemikari ekupisa kwakanyanya, kushanda zvakanaka kunotarisirwa kusvika pamusoro pe50%, mutengo wakaderera.