E whakaarohia whānuitia ana ko te hanga hauwai karihi te tikanga pai mō te hanga hauwai nui, engari te āhua nei kei te puhoi haere. Nā, he aha te hanga hauwai karihi?
Te hanga hauwai karihi, arā, he tauhohenga karihi e honoa ana ki te tukanga hanga hauwai matatau, mō te hanga papatipu hauwai. Ko ngā painga o te hanga hauwai mai i te pūngao karihi ko te kore o ngā hau kati kōtuhi, te wai hei rauemi mata, te whai huatanga teitei me te tauine nui, nō reira he otinga nui mō te tuku hauwai nui a meake nei. E ai ki ngā whakatau tata a te IAEA, ka taea e te tauhohenga iti 250MW te whakaputa i te 50 tana o te hauwai ia rā mā te whakamahi i ngā tauhohenga karihi pāmahana teitei.
Ko te kaupapa matua o te hanga hauwai i roto i te pūngao karihi ko te whakamahi i te wera e puta mai ana i te tauhohenga karihi hei pūtake pūngao mō te hanga hauwai, me te whakatutuki i te hanga hauwai whai hua me te tauine nui mā te whiriwhiri i te hangarau tika. Me te whakaiti, te whakakore rānei i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi. Kei te whakaatuhia te hoahoa kauwhata o te hanga hauwai mai i te pūngao karihi i roto i te pikitia.
He maha ngā huarahi hei huri i te pūngao karihi ki te pūngao hauwai, tae atu ki te wai hei rauemi mata mā te hikohiko, te huringa matū werawera, te hikohiko mamaoa pāmahana teitei, te hanga hauwai whanariki hei rauemi mata, te hanga hauwai pakaru, te hau māori, te waro, te koiora hei rauemi mata, te hanga hauwai pyrolysis, me ētahi atu. Ina whakamahia te wai hei rauemi mata, kāore te tukanga hanga hauwai katoa e whakaputa CO₂, ka taea te whakakore i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi; Mā te hanga hauwai mai i ētahi atu pūtake ka whakaiti noa i ngā tukunga waro. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakamahinga o te wai hikohiko karihi he huinga noa iho o te whakaputa mana karihi me te hikohiko tuku iho, e noho tonu ana i roto i te mara o te whakaputa mana karihi, ā, kāore i te kiia he hangarau hanga hauwai karihi tūturu. Nō reira, ko te huringa matū werawera me te wai hei rauemi mata, te whakamahinga katoa, te whakamahinga wāhanga rānei o te wera karihi me te hikohiko mamaoa pāmahana teitei e kiia ana ko te ahunga whakamua o te hangarau hanga hauwai karihi.
I tēnei wā, e rua ngā huarahi matua mō te whakaputa hauwai i roto i te pūngao karihi: te whakaputa hauwai wai hikohiko me te whakaputa hauwai matū wera. Ka whakaratohia e ngā tauhohenga karihi te pūngao hiko me te pūngao wera mō ngā huarahi e rua o te whakaputa hauwai i runga ake nei.
Ko te hikohiko o te wai hei whakaputa hauwai he whakamahi i te pūngao karihi hei whakaputa hiko, kātahi ka wetewete i te wai hei hauwai mā te taputapu hikohiko wai. He tikanga hanga hauwai tika te hanga hauwai mā te wai hikohiko, engari he iti te pai o te hanga hauwai o tēnei tikanga (55% ~ 60%), ahakoa te hangarau hikohiko wai SPE matatau rawa atu i te United States, ka piki ake te pai o te hikohiko ki te 90%. Engari nā te mea ko te nuinga o ngā tipu hiko karihi e huri ana i te wera ki te hiko i te 35% te pai o te mahi, ko te pai katoa o te hanga hauwai mai i te hikohiko wai i roto i te pūngao karihi he 30% noa iho.
Ko te hanga hauwai matū-wera e ahu mai ana i te huringa matū-wera, e hono ana i te tauhohenga karihi me te taputapu hanga hauwai huringa matū-wera, mā te whakamahi i te pāmahana teitei e whakaratohia ana e te tauhohenga karihi hei pūtake wera, kia taea ai e te wai te whakakorikori i te pirau wera i te 800℃ ki te 1000℃, kia puta ai te hauwai me te hāora. Ki te whakatauritea ki te hanga hauwai wai hiko, he teitei ake te pai o te hanga hauwai matū-wera, e tika ana kia eke te pai katoa ki te neke atu i te 50%, ā, he iti ake te utu.
Te wā tuku: 28-Pepuere-2023