Zida za silicon carbide (SiC) zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana opanga zinthu chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo kwakukulu, mphamvu zawo zambiri, kuchuluka kochepa kwa kutentha, kutentha kwakukulu, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana okosijeni. Kuwonjezera pa makhalidwe omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa a zida za silicon carbide, zida za silicon carbide zokhala ndi porous, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera a porous, zili ndi mwayi waukulu wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo monga metallurgy, chemical engineering, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimakulitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zida za silicon carbide.
Makhalidwe apadera asilicon carbide yopangidwa ndi porous ceramicAmapindula kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake kapadera ka mapoko, komwe kumaphatikizapo mapoko, kukula ndi kufalikira kwa mapoko, ndi mawonekedwe a mapoko, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwongolera mapoko, kukula ndi kufalikira kwa mapoko, komanso mawonekedwe a mapoko kudzera mu njira yokonzekera kuti apeze kapangidwe ka mapoko komwe akufuna. Chifukwa chake, njira yake yokonzekera nthawi zonse yakhala cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufuku wa anthu. Nkhaniyi ikuwunikanso kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku mu njira zokonzekera za ziwiya za silicon carbide zodzaza ndi mapoko kunyumba ndi kunja kwa dziko m'zaka zaposachedwa.
1. Njira Yogwirira Ntchito
Njira yeniyeni imatanthauza kuti ma voids mu silicon carbide ceramics okhala ndi porous amayamba chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi panthawi yokonzekera, popanda kuchitika kwa ma chemical reactions kapena kupanga zinthu zatsopano. Njira yayikulu ndikupanga kapangidwe ka ma porous podalira ma voids omwe amasiyidwa ndi kutentha kwa zinthu zolimba, kutuluka kwa madzi m'gawo lamadzimadzi, ndi kusunthika mwachindunji kwa gawo lolimba. Njira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo njira yopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono, njira yoziziritsira, njira ya sol-gel, ndi zina zotero. Ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D womwe wabuka m'zaka zaposachedwa ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kusindikiza mwachindunji ndikukonzekera mapangidwe a porous.
1.1 Njira yokonzera tinthu tating'onoting'ono
Njira yopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi njira yosavuta yokonzekera tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta silicon carbide. Mfundo ya njira iyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito momwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ceramic timagwirira ntchito popanga makosi ozungulira pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta SiC, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tipange tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kuti tichepetse kutentha kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, nthawi zambiri timawonjezera tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasungunuka pang'ono kuti tigwirizane ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta SiC. Popeza ma pores onse omwe ali mu njira yopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono amasinthidwa kuchokera ku mipata yopangira pakati pa tinthu ta SiC, ma porosity ndi kukula kwa ma pores a tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga ...
Kukonzekera kwa ziwiya za silicon carbide zokhala ndi porous pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono sikufuna kuwonjezera zinthu zina zopangira ma pore. Njirayi ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta kuyilamulira. Komabe, porosity ya ziwiya za silicon zokhala ndi porous zomwe zakonzedwa ndi njira iyi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa. Mawonekedwe, kukula kwa ma pore ndi porosity ya ma pores zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mawonekedwe, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso kuchuluka kwa kuuma.
1.2 Njira Yowumitsa Mufiriji
Kuumitsa mufiriji ndi njira yomwe imaphatikizapo kusakaniza zinthu za ceramic ndi madzi kapena zinthu zina zachilengedwe pamodzi ndi kuchuluka koyenera kwa zosakaniza kapena zomangira kuti apange slurry. Kenako, slurry yosakaniza bwino imathiridwa mu nkhungu ndikuzizira mofulumira kutentha kochepa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti matrix ya gawo lamadzimadzi ikhale yolimba mwachangu. Pambuyo pake, gawo lolimba limachotsedwa ndikuchotsedwa kudzera mu kuchepetsa kupanikizika kapena chithandizo cha kuuma kwa vacuum. Njira yopezera thupi lobiriwira lokhala ndi ma pore okonzedwa molunjika mkati mwa slurry ndikuyiyika kuti ipange ma ceramics a silicon carbide okhala ndi ma pore.
1.3 Njira Yosindikizira ya 3D
Njira yosindikizira ya 3D yopangira zoumba za silicon carbide zokhala ndi mabowo ndi njira yatsopano yokonzekera yomwe yapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa. Njirayi imadalira chitsanzo cha deta cha magawo atatu chopangidwa ndi thandizo la makompyuta. Kudzera mu mutu wosindikizira, chosindikiziracho chimapopera kuti chiyike ufa wa zinthu zopangira ndi wosanjikiza mu kapangidwe ka netiweki ya magawo atatu. Kuphatikiza kwa njira zosindikizira za 3D ndi njira zosinthira zinthu kumatha kupanga popanda nkhungu komanso kupanga zoumba zooneka ngati zovuta kwambiri.
Njira yosindikizira ya 3D yokonzekera zoumba za silicon carbide zokhala ndi porous ili ndi njira yosavuta yopangira, kukonzekera bwino komanso kukonza bwino, komanso palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nkhungu. Sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha kukonzekera zoumba za silicon carbide zokhala ndi porous zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, kapangidwe kake kofanana komanso kulumikizana bwino kwa porous, komanso kukula kwa porous ndi kukula kwa zoumba za zoumba za porous ndizosavuta kulamulira komanso kusintha. Komabe, njira iyi ikadali mu gawo lofufuza pakadali pano, ndipo magawo a ndondomekoyi akufunikabe kukonzedwanso. Kuphatikiza apo, njira iyi ndi yovuta kukonzekera zoumba za silicon carbide zokhala ndi porous zambiri mu sitepe imodzi. Zimafunikira thandizo la njira zina kuti apange zinthu zomwe mukufuna, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri.
1.4 Kutulutsa thovu
Njira yopangira thovu imaphatikizapo kuwonjezera mpweya kapena zinthu zomwe zingapangitse mpweya kudzera mu kukonza pambuyo pake ku thupi lobiriwira la ceramic kapena precursor, kenako nkuisungunula kuti ipeze ma ceramic a silicon carbide okhala ndi porous. Mosiyana ndi njira zina zokonzekera, njira yopangira thovu ndi njira yothandiza yokonzekera ma ceramic a closed-cell.
2. Njira ya Mankhwala
Njira ya mankhwala imatanthauza kuti kapangidwe ka ma duct mu ma silicon carbide ceramics okhala ndi ma ducts amapangidwa ndi kuwola kapena kuchitapo kanthu kwa mchere wosapangidwa kapena zinthu zina zachilengedwe, zomwe zimasiya malo opanda kanthu m'malo oyamba. Njira zodziwika bwino za mankhwala pokonzekera ma silicon carbide ceramics okhala ndi ma ducts zimaphatikizapo njira yowonjezera ma pores, njira yopangira thovu la organic, ndi njira ya biologic template, ndi zina zotero.
2.1 Kuyika Thovu lachilengedwe
Njira yothira thovu lachilengedwe imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito thovu lachilengedwe ngati chitsanzo, kuphimba mofanana matope a ceramic okonzedwa pa chitsanzocho kapena kumiza chitsanzocho mu matope kuti atulutse mpweya, kuonetsetsa kuti matopewo akutsatira mofanana ku chitsanzo cha thovu lachilengedwe. Kenako, powumitsa ndi kutentha kwambiri, chitsanzo cha organic chimachotsedwa, motero kupeza zoumba zadothi zokhala ndi mabowo.
Vuto lalikulu la njira iyi ndilakuti silingathe kupanga zinthu zotsekeka ndi mapokoso ang'onoang'ono. Kapangidwe kake kali kochepa ndipo magwiridwe antchito a preform amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zopangira. Kuchuluka ndi mphamvu ya zinthu zokonzedwa za ceramic zomwe zili ndi mapokoso ndizovuta kuzilamulira.
2.2 Njira Yowonjezerera Zinthu Zopangira Mabowo
Kukonzekera kwa ma ceramic a silicon carbide okhala ndi porous powonjezera ma pore-forming kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezera ma pore-forming agents ku silicon carbide powder kapena precursors, kenako kuchotsa ma pore-forming agents kudzera mu njira zotsatirazi. Zotsatira zake, malo omwe poyamba anali ndi ma pore-forming agents amapanga ma pores, kenako kutentha ndi kusungunula kumachitika kuti apange ma ceramics okhala ndi porous. Chifukwa chake, kusintha mtundu ndi mlingo wa ma pore-forming agents kumatha kuwongolera mosavuta porosity, mawonekedwe a pore, kukula kwa pore ndi kufalikira kwa ma ceramics omalizidwa okhala ndi porous. Mitundu ya ma pore-forming agents ndi yayikulu kwambiri, kuphatikiza ma polima achilengedwe kapena opangidwa, zakumwa, mchere, ma ceramics kapena ufa wina, ndi zina zotero. Njira zochotsera ma pore-forming agents osiyanasiyana zimasiyana. Ma organic polymer pore-forming agents nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa ndi kutentha ndi kuwonongeka, ma liquid pore-forming agents amatha kuchotsedwa kudzera mu crystallization ndi sublimation, mchere ukhoza kuchotsedwa ndi kusefa madzi, ndipo ufa wa ceramic ukhoza kuchotsedwa ndi solution filtration yoyenera.
2.3 Njira ya Kachitidwe ka Zamoyo
Kapangidwe ka ma pore a microscopic mu zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi kamene kali mu zinthu zopangidwa ndi anthu. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kapadera, kukonzekera zipangizo zadothi zokhala ndi ma pore okhala ndi mapangidwe ofanana pogwiritsa ntchito zamoyo monga ma tempuleti kwatchuka kwambiri [10]. Njira ya template yachilengedwe ndi njira ya impregnation ya thovu lachilengedwe zimafanana. Njira ya impregnation yachilengedwe imagwiritsa ntchito siponji yopangira ngati template, pomwe njira ya template yachilengedwe imagwiritsa ntchito zamoyo zachilengedwe ngati template.
Njira yachilengedwe yopangira ma ceramic a silicon carbide okhala ndi porous ili ndi ubwino wa njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo. Imatha kupanga ma ceramic okhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta ndipo imatha kubwereza kapangidwe ka zinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe kwambiri. Komabe, template yachilengedwe imakhala ndi ming'alu panthawi ya carbonization yotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a makina a ma ceramic a silicon carbide okhala ndi porous. Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe ka ma pores a ma ceramic a silicon carbide okonzedwa amadalira kwambiri kapangidwe ka microstructure ka template yachilengedwe yokha, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi koipa. Kuphatikiza apo, njira iyi ilinso ndi zovuta zina, monga kuchepa kwa mphamvu yosinthira ya SiC, kutayika kosavuta kwa gawo la reaction la SiC, komanso nthawi yayitali yokonzekera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-22-2025