Zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvesilicon carbide (SiC) zvagara zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana yekugadzira zvinhu nekuda kwekuoma kwazvo, simba guru, kuwedzera kwemafuta muchikamu chidiki, kupisa kwakanyanya, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuramba oxidation. Kuwedzera kune zvataurwa pamusoro apa zve silicon carbide ceramics, zviumbwa zvesimbi zvine maburi madiki, zvine maburi akawanda, zvine mikana yakawanda yekushandiswa muminda yakaita sesimbi, makemikari, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye simba, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwe silicon carbide ceramics.
Hunhu hwakakosha hwesilicon carbide yesimbi ine porousZvinonyanya kubatsirwa nechimiro chavo chakasiyana chemapaipi, chinosanganisira mapori, saizi yemapori uye kupararira kwayo, uye chimiro chemapori, nezvimwewo. Saka, zvakakosha kudzora mapori, saizi yemapori uye kupararira kwayo, pamwe nechimiro chemapori kuburikidza nenzira yekugadzirira kuti uwane chimiro chinodiwa chemapaipi. Nokudaro, nzira yekugadzirira kwayo yagara iri iyo inonyanya kutariswa nevanhu pakutsvagisa. Chinyorwa chino chinonyanya kuongorora kufambira mberi kwekutsvagisa munzira dzekugadzirira maceramics esilicon carbide ane mapaipi munyika nekune dzimwe nyika mumakore achangopfuura.
1. Nzira yemuviri
Nzira yepanyama inoreva kuti maburi ari mu silicon carbide ceramics ane porous anokonzerwa nezviitiko zvepanyama panguva yekugadzirira, pasina kuitika kwemakemikari kana kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva. Nzira huru ndeyekugadzira chimiro chine porous nekuvimba ne maburi anosara nekupisa kwechinhu chakasimba, kubuda kwemvura muchikamu chemvura, uye kupfuudzwa zvakananga kwechikamu chakasimba. Nzira dzakajairika dzinosanganisira nzira yekuisa particle stacking, nzira yekuomesa nefreeze, nzira ye sol-gel, nezvimwewo. Tekinoroji yekudhinda ye3D yakabuda mumakore achangopfuura inogonawo kushandiswa kudhinda zvakananga nekugadzirira zvivakwa zvine porous.
1.1 Nzira yekuunganidza zvidimbu
Nzira yekuputira simbi yekuisa simbi pazvimedu ndiyo nzira iri nyore yekugadzira simbi dzesilicon carbide dzine porous. Nheyo yeiyi nzira ndeyekushandisa mashandiro ekuputira simbi dzeceramic pachadzo kuti dzigadzire mitsipa yekuputira simbi pakati pesimbi dzakasiyana dzeSiC, zvichiita kuti simbi dziungane kugadzira simbi dzine porous ceramics. Kuti kudzikise tembiricha yekuputira simbi, huwandu hwakati hwe binder ine poin yakaderera yekunyunguduka hunowanzo wedzerwa kuti hugadzire kubatana pakati pesimbi dzakasiyana dzeSiC. Sezvo ma pores ese ari munzira yekuputira simbi yekuisa simbi achichinjwa kubva pamipata yekuputira pakati pesimbi dzeSiC, porosity nehukuru hwe porous ceramics dzakapedzwa dzinogona kudzorwa nekushandura saizi yehupfu, mhando nehuwandu hwekuwedzera hwesimbi, uye maparamita ekuputira simbi.
Kugadzirwa kwesimbi dzesilicon carbide dzine porous nenzira ye particle stacking hakudi kuwedzerwa zvimwe zvinoumba pores. Maitiro acho ari nyore uye ari nyore kudzora. Zvisinei, porousity yesimbi dzesilicon dzine porous dzakagadzirwa nenzira iyi inowanzova yakaderera. Chimiro, saizi yeporous uye porousity ye pores zvinonyanya kutsanangurwa nechimiro, saizi ye tissue uye kupararira kwe tissue dzezvinhu zvakasvibiswa, pamwe nehuwandu hwekusviba.
1.2 Nzira yekuomesa nechando
Kuomesa nechando inzira inosanganisira kusanganisa zvinhu zveceramic zvakafanana nemvura kana organic solvents paine huwandu hwakakodzera hwezvinhu zvinoparadzira kana zvinosunga kuti pave neslurry. Zvadaro, slurry yakasanganiswa zvakanaka inodururwa muforoma uye inoomeswa nechando nekukurumidza patembiricha yakaderera, zvichiita kuti liquid phase matrix iome nekukurumidza kuita solid. Zvadaro, solidified solid phase inobviswa nekuderedza kumanikidzwa kana kurapwa kwekuomesa ne vacuum. Nzira yekuwana muviri wegirini une maburi akarongwa zvakananga mukati meslurry uye pakupedzisira kuipisa kuti igadzire silicon carbide ceramics ine porous.
1.3 Nzira yekudhinda ye3D
Nzira yekudhinda ye3D yekugadzira simbi dzesilicon carbide dzine porous imhando itsva yegadziriro yakagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura. Maitiro aya anoenderana nemuenzaniso wedata une mativi matatu wakagadzirwa nerubatsiro rwekombuta. Kuburikidza nemusoro wekudhinda, binder inopfapfaidzwa kuti iunganidze upfu hwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa nerukoko muchimiro chenetwork chine mativi matatu. Kusanganiswa kwe3D kudhinda uye maitiro ekuita reaction sintering kunogona kuita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kusina mold uye kuumbwa kwesimbi dzakaoma.
Nzira yekudhinda ye3D yekugadzira simbi dzesilicon carbide dzine porous ine maitiro ari nyore ekuumba, kugadzirira kwakanyanya uye kushanda zvakanaka, uye hapana chikonzero chezviumbwa. Haingogone kushandiswa chete kugadzira simbi dzesilicon carbide dzine porous dzine maumbirwo akaomarara, ma microstructure akafanana uye kubatana kwakanaka kweporous, asiwo porosity nehukuru hweporous simbi dzesimbi dzine porous zvinogona kudzorwa uye kugadziriswa. Zvisinei, nzira iyi ichiri muchikamu chekutsvagisa pari zvino, uye ma process parameters achiri kuda kugadziriswa zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira iyi yakaoma kugadzirira simbi dzesilicon carbide dzine porous dzakasimba nedanho rimwe chete. Inoda rubatsiro rwemamwe maitiro kuti igadzire zvigadzirwa zvinodiwa, izvo zvinodhura zvakanyanya.
1.4 Kuburitsa furo
Nzira yekuumba furo inosanganisira kuwedzera gasi kana zvinhu zvinogona kugadzira gasi kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kunotevera kune ceramic green body kana precursor, wozoipisa kuti iwane silicon carbide ceramics ine maburi. Kusiyana nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzirira, nzira yekuumba furo inzira inoshanda yekugadzira closed-cell ceramics.
2. Nzira yeMakemikoro
Nzira yemakemikari inoreva kuti chimiro chine maburi mu silicon carbide ceramics dzine maburi chinoumbwa nekuora kana kuita kwe inorganic salts kana zvimwe zvinhu zve organic, zvichisiya nzvimbo dzisina vanhu munzvimbo dzepakutanga. Nzira dzakajairika dzemakemikari dzekugadzira silicon carbide ceramics dzine maburi dzinosanganisira nzira yekuwedzera pore-forming agent, nzira ye organic foam impregnation, uye nzira ye biological template, nezvimwewo.
2.1 Kuisa Foam Yechisikigo
Nzira yekuisa furo reorganic inosanganisira kushandisa furo reorganic se template, kufukidza slurry yakagadzirwa yeceramic pa template kana kunyudza template muslurry kuti ibudise mweya, zvichiita kuti slurry inamire zvakaenzana pa template ye organic foam. Zvadaro, kuburikidza nekuomesa uye kupisa kwakanyanya, template yeorganic inobviswa, nokudaro ichiwana ceramics dzine maburi.
Dambudziko guru renzira iyi nderekuti haikwanise kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemaburi madiki akavharwa. Chimiro chayo chakaganhurirwa uye mashandiro epreform anokanganiswa zvakanyanya nezvinhu zvakagadziriswa. Huremu nesimba rezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zveceramic zvinobuda zvakaomawo kudzora.
2.2 Nzira yekuwedzera maPore-forming Agents
Kugadzirwa kwesimbi dzesilicon carbide dzine porous nekuwedzera simbi dzinogadzira pores kunosanganisira kuwedzera simbi dzinogadzira pores kusilicon carbide powder kana precursors, uye wozobvisa simbi dzinogadzira pores kuburikidza nemaitiro anotevera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzvimbo dzaitorwa nesimbi dzinogadzira pores dzinoumba pores, uye zvino kupisa nekunyorovesa zvinoitwa kuti zvigadzire simbi dzine porous ceramics. Nokudaro, kuchinja mhando uye chiyero chesimbi dzinogadzira pores kunogona kudzora nyore nyore porosity, pore morphology, saizi yepores uye kupararira kwesimbi dzakapedzwa. Mhando dzesimbi dzinogadzira pores dzakakura zvikuru, dzinosanganisira organic polymers dzechisikigo kana dzekugadzira, zvinwiwa, munyu, ceramics kana humwe hupfu, nezvimwewo. Maitiro ekubvisa simbi dzakasiyana dzinogadzira pores anosiyana. Organic polymer pore-forming agents dzinowanzo bviswa nekupisa nekuora, simbi dzinogadzira pores dzemvura dzinogona kubviswa kuburikidza ne crystallization uye sublimation, munyu unogona kubviswa nekusefa mvura, uye ceramic powders dzinogona kubviswa nekusefa kwakakodzera.
2.3 Nzira yeTemplate yeBiological
Maumbirwo emaburi madiki ari muzvinhu zvipenyu akasiyana zvikuru neari muzvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakasiyana, kugadzirira zvinhu zveceramic zvine maburi akafanana uchishandisa zvinhu zvipenyu sematemplate kwave kutariswa zvakanyanya [10]. Nzira ye template ye biological uye nzira ye organic foam impregnation zvakafanana. Nzira ye organic foam impregnation inoshandisa siponji yekugadzira se template, nepo nzira ye biological template inoshandisa zvinhu zvakasikwa se template.
Nzira yekugadzirwa kwezvigadziko zvesilicon carbide ine mabhenefiti ekugadzira zviri nyore uye mutengo wakaderera. Inogona kugadzira zvigadziko zvine maumbirwo akaomarara uye inogona kutevedzera chimiro chezvinhu zvechisikigo zvechisikigo zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, zvigadziko zvechisikigo zvinowanzo pwanyika panguva yekushandiswa kwecarbonization inodziya zvakanyanya, izvo zvine simba guru pahunhu hwezvigadziko zvesilicon carbide zvine maporous. Uyezve, chimiro cheporous chezvigadziko zvesilicon carbide zvine maporous chakagadzirwa chinonyanya kutsamira pachimiro chezvigadziko zvechisikigo, uye dhizaini yazvo haina kunaka. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira iyi inewo zvimwe zvakaipa, zvakaita sekushanda zvishoma kweSiC, kudonha nyore kweSiC reaction layer, uye kutenderera kwenguva refu kwekugadzirira.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-22-2025