I-Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo obuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, i-coefficient encane yokwanda kokushisa, i-conductivity ephezulu yokushisa, ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushaqeka kokushisa kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation. Ngaphezu kwezici ezishiwo ngenhla ze-silicon carbide ceramics, i-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo, enesakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele se-microscopic porous, inamathemba amaningi okusetshenziswa emikhakheni efana ne-metallurgy, ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye namandla, okwandisa kakhulu ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwe-silicon carbide ceramics.
Izakhiwo ezikhethekile zei-silicon carbide ceramic enezimboboikakhulukazi bazuza kakhulu esakhiweni sabo esiyingqayizivele esinezimbobo, esihlanganisa izimbobo, usayizi wembobo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwayo, kanye nesimo sembobo, njll. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulawula izimbobo zayo, usayizi wembobo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwayo, kanye nesimo sembobo ngendlela yokulungiselela ukuze kutholakale isakhiwo esifunwayo esinezimbobo. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokulungiselela kwayo ibilokhu igxile ocwaningweni lwabantu. Lesi sihloko sibukeza kakhulu inqubekela phambili yocwaningo ezindleleni zokulungiselela izitsha ze-silicon carbide ezinezimbobo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe eminyakeni yamuva.
1. Indlela Yomzimba
Indlela ebonakalayo ibhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi izikhala ezikwi-silicon carbide ceramics ezinezimbobo zibangelwa uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ezibonakalayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungiselela, ngaphandle kokuvela kokusabela kwamakhemikhali noma ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezintsha. Indlela eyinhloko ukwakha isakhiwo esinezimbobo ngokuthembela ezimbobo ezishiywe ukuncipha kokushisa kwezinto eziqinile, ukuhwamuka kwesigaba soketshezi, kanye nokufakwa kwe-sublimation ngqo kwesigaba esiqinile. Izindlela ezivamile zifaka phakathi indlela yokufaka izinhlayiya, indlela yokomisa ngeqhwa, indlela ye-sol-gel, njll. Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D obuvele eminyakeni yamuva bungasetshenziswa futhi ukuphrinta ngqo nokulungiselela izakhiwo ezinezimbobo.
1.1 Indlela yokufaka izinhlayiya
Indlela yokupakisha izinhlayiya iyindlela elula yokulungiselela i-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo. Isimiso sale ndlela ukusebenzisa ukusebenza kokupakisha kwezinhlayiya ze-ceramic ngokwazo ukwakha izintamo zokupakisha phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezahlukene ze-SiC, ngaleyo ndlela kuvumela ukuqongelela kwezinhlayiya ukuthi zakhe i-ceramics enezimbobo. Ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokushisa lokupakisha, inani elithile le-binder elinephuzu lokuncibilika eliphansi livame ukungezwa ukwakha uxhumano phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezahlukene ze-SiC. Njengoba wonke ama-pores endleleni yokupakisha izinhlayiya eguqulwa kusukela ezikhaleni zokupakisha phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-SiC, i-porosity kanye nosayizi we-pore we-ceramics enezimbobo eziqediwe zingalawulwa ngokushintsha usayizi wempuphu, uhlobo kanye nenani lokwengeza le-binder, kanye nemingcele yokupakisha.
Ukulungiswa kwe-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo ngendlela yokufaka izinhlayiya akudingi ukwengezwa kwezinye izinto ezenza izimbobo. Le nqubo ilula futhi kulula ukuyilawula. Kodwa-ke, izimbobo ze-ceramics ezinezimbobo ezilungiselelwe ngale ndlela ngokuvamile ziphansi. Ukuma, usayizi we-pore kanye nezimbobo ze-pores kunqunywa kakhulu ngesimo, usayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlayiya zezinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye nezinga lokusila.
1.2 Indlela Yokomisa Ngokuqandisa
Ukomisa ngeqhwa kuyindlela ehilela ukuxuba ngokulinganayo ama-aggregate e-ceramic namanzi noma izinyibilikisi eziphilayo lapho kukhona inani elifanele lama-dispersants noma ama-binder ukuze kwakheke i-slurry. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-slurry exutshwe kahle ithululelwa esikhumbeni bese iqandiswa ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okuvumela i-matrix yesigaba soketshezi ukuthi iqine ngokushesha ibe yinto eqinile. Ngemva kwalokho, isigaba esiqinile esiqinisiwe siyasuswa ngokunciphisa ingcindezi noma ukwelashwa kokomisa nge-vacuum. Indlela yokuthola umzimba oluhlaza onezakhiwo ze-pore ezihlelwe ngendlela eqondile ezishiywe ngaphakathi kwe-slurry bese ekugcineni uyishisa ukuze ikhiqize i-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo.
1.3 Indlela Yokuphrinta Ye-3D
Indlela yokunyathelisa ye-3D yokulungiselela i-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo uhlobo olusha lwenqubo yokulungiselela oluye lwathuthuka eminyakeni yamuva. Le nqubo incike kumodeli yedatha enezinhlangothi ezintathu eklanyelwe ngosizo lwekhompyutha. Ngekhanda lokunyathelisa, i-binder iyafuthwa ukuze ibeke ungqimba lwempuphu yezinto zokusetshenziswa ngengqimba esakhiweni senethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinqubo zokunyathelisa ze-3D kanye nezinqubo zokusabela kungafeza ukukhiqizwa okungenasikhunta kanye nokwakheka kobukhulu obuseduze kwenethi kwe-ceramics enesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Indlela yokunyathelisa ye-3D yokulungiselela i-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo inenqubo elula yokwakha, ukulungiselela nokusebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi asikho isidingo sezinhlobo zobumba. Ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kuphela ukulungiselela i-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izakhiwo ezincane ezifanayo kanye nokuxhumana okuhle kwe-pore, kodwa futhi i-porosity kanye nosayizi we-pore we-ceramics enezimbobo kuyalawuleka futhi kuyalungiseka. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela isesesigabeni sokucwaninga sokuhlola okwamanje, futhi amapharamitha enqubo asadinga ukwenziwa ngcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela kunzima ukulungiselela i-silicon carbide ceramics enamandla amakhulu ngesinyathelo esisodwa. Idinga usizo lwezinye izinqubo ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo oyifunayo, okubangela izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu.
1.4 Ukukhipha igwebu
Indlela yokubumba i-foam ihilela ukwengeza igesi noma izinto ezingakhiqiza igesi ngokucubungula okulandelayo emzimbeni oluhlaza we-ceramic noma i-precursor, bese uyithulula ukuze kutholakale i-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo. Ngokungafani nezinye izindlela zokulungiselela, indlela yokwenza i-foam iyinqubo ephumelelayo yokulungiselela i-closed-cell ceramics.
2. Indlela Yamakhemikhali
Indlela yamakhemikhali ibhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi isakhiwo esinezimbobo ku-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo sakhiwa ukubola noma ukusabela kosawoti ongaphili noma izinto eziphilayo ezengeziwe, okushiya izikhala ezindaweni zokuqala. Izindlela ezivamile zamakhemikhali zokulungiselela i-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo zifaka indlela yokwengeza i-agent yokwenza i-pore, indlela yokufaka i-foam ye-organic, kanye nendlela ye-template yebhayoloji, njll.
2.1 Ukufuthwa Kwe-Foam Engokwemvelo
Indlela yokufaka i-foam yemvelo ihilela ukusebenzisa i-foam yemvelo njengethempulethi, ukumboza ngokulinganayo i-slurry ye-ceramic elungiselelwe kuthempulethi noma ukucwilisa ithempulethi ku-slurry ukuze kukhishwe umoya, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-slurry inamathela ngokulinganayo kuthempulethi ye-foam yemvelo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokomisa kanye nokushiswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ithempulethi yemvelo iyasuswa, ngaleyo ndlela kutholakale i-ceramics enezimbobo.
Inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu yale ndlela ukuthi ayikwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-porosity evaliwe enezimbobo ezincane. Isimo sinqunyelwe futhi ukusebenza kwe-preform kuthinteka kakhulu yizinto zokusetshenziswa. Ubuningi namandla ezinto ze-ceramic ezinezimbobo ezilungisiwe nakho kunzima ukuzilawula.
2.2 Indlela Yokufaka Ama-Pore-forming Agents
Ukulungiswa kwe-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo ngokufaka ama-agent abumba imbobo kuhilela ukufaka ama-agent abumba imbobo ku-silicon carbide powder noma kuma-precursors, bese kususwa ama-agent abumba imbobo ngezinqubo ezilandelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izikhundla ezazisetshenziswa ekuqaleni ama-agent abumba imbobo zakha ama-pores, bese ukushisa nokuthulula kwenziwa ukuze kwakhiwe ama-ceramics anezimbobo. Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha uhlobo kanye nomthamo wama-agent abumba imbobo kungalawula kalula i-porosity, i-pore morphology, usayizi wembobo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwama-ceramics anezimbobo aqediwe. Izinhlobo zama-agent abumba imbobo zibanzi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ama-polymer emvelo noma okwenziwa, uketshezi, usawoti, i-ceramics noma amanye ama-powder, njll. Izinqubo zokususa ama-agent ahlukene abumba imbobo ziyahlukahluka. Ama-agent abumba imbobo ye-polymer engokwemvelo avame ukususwa ngokushisa nokubola, ama-agent abumba imbobo ewuketshezi angasuswa nge-crystallization kanye ne-sublimation, usawoti ungasuswa ngokuhlunga amanzi, kanye nama-powder e-ceramic angasuswa ngokuhlunga isixazululo esifanele.
2.3 Indlela Yesifanekiso Sebhayoloji
Isakhiwo sembobo ezincane kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo sihluke kakhulu kwesezinto zokwenziwa. Ngenxa yesakhiwo saso esiyingqayizivele, ukulungiswa kwezinto zobumba ezinembobo ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo kusetshenziswa izinto eziphilayo njengezifanekiso kuye kwathola ukunakwa kabanzi [10]. Indlela yethempulethi yezinto eziphilayo kanye nendlela ye-organic foam impregnation zifana ngokufanayo. Indlela ye-organic foam impregnation isebenzisa isiponji sokwenziwa njengethempulethi, kuyilapho indlela ye-biological template isebenzisa izinto zemvelo njengethempulethi.
Indlela yethempulethi yezinto eziphilayo yokulungiselela i-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo inezinzuzo zenqubo elula kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Ingakhiqiza i-ceramics enezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ingaphinda isakhiwo sezinto zemvelo zezinto eziphilayo ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ithempulethi yezinto eziphilayo ithambekele ekuqhekekeni ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-carbonization, enomthelela omkhulu ezimpahleni ze-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo se-pore se-silicon carbide ceramics enezimbobo elungisiwe sincike kakhulu kusakhiwo esincane sethempulethi yezinto eziphilayo uqobo, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela inezinkinga ezithile, njengokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-SiC okuphansi, ukulahlwa kalula kwesendlalelo sokusabela se-SiC, kanye nomjikelezo omude wokulungiselela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-22-2025