Iiseramikhi zeSilicon carbide (SiC) sele zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa eziphucukileyo ngenxa yobunzima bazo obuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, i-coefficient encinci yokwandiswa kobushushu, ukuqhuba okuphezulu kobushushu, uzinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokutsha kobushushu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation. Ukongeza kwiimpawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zeseramikhi zeSilicon carbide, iiseramikhi zeSilicon carbide ezinemibhobho, ezinesakhiwo sazo esikhethekileyo esinemibhobho, zinamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifana ne-metallurgy, ubunjineli beekhemikhali, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye namandla, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu ububanzi bokusetyenziswa kweeseramikhi zeSilicon carbide.
Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zei-silicon carbide ceramic enemibhobhoNgokuyintloko bazuza kwisakhiwo sabo esikhethekileyo esineembobo, esiquka iimbobo, ubungakanani beembobo kunye nokusasazwa kwazo, kunye nokuma kweembobo, njl. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukulawula iimbobo zayo, ubungakanani beembobo kunye nokusasazwa kwazo, kunye nokuma kweembobo ngendlela yokulungiselela ukuze kufunyanwe isakhiwo esifunekayo esineembobo. Ke ngoko, indlela yokulungiselela kwayo ibisoloko iyeyona nto iphambili kuphando lwabantu. Eli nqaku liphonononga ikakhulu inkqubela yophando kwiindlela zokulungiselela iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezineembobo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
1. Indlela Yomzimba
Indlela yokusebenza ibhekisa kwinto yokuba ii-voids kwi-silicon carbide ceramics ezineembobo zibangelwa luchungechunge lweziganeko ezibonakalayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungiselela, ngaphandle kokwenzeka kwee-chemical reactions okanye ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha. Indlela ephambili kukwenza isakhiwo esineembobo ngokuxhomekeka kwiimbobo ezishiywe kukuncipha kobushushu bezinto eziqinileyo, ukufuma kwesigaba solwelo, kunye nokuncitshiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwesigaba esiqinileyo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka indlela yokufaka i-particle stacking, indlela yokukhenkceza, indlela ye-sol-gel, njl. Itekhnoloji yokuprinta ye-3D eye yavela kwiminyaka yakutshanje inokusetyenziswa ukuprinta ngokuthe ngqo nokulungiselela izakhiwo ezineembobo.
1.1 Indlela yokubeka amasuntswana
Indlela yokusila iinxalenye zeplastiki yeyona ndlela ilula yokulungiselela iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezinezimbobo. Umgaqo wale ndlela kukusebenzisa ukusebenza kokusila kweenxalenye zeplastiki ngokwazo ukuze zenze iintamo zokusila phakathi kweenxalenye ze-SiC ezahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela kuvumela ukuba ukuqokelelwa kweenxalenye zeplastiki kwenze iiseramikhi ezinezimbobo. Ukunciphisa ubushushu bosila, inani elithile le-binder eline-melting point ephantsi lidla ngokongeza ukwenza unxibelelwano phakathi kweenxalenye ze-SiC ezahlukeneyo. Ekubeni zonke ii-pores kwindlela yokusila iinxalenye zeplastiki ziguqulwa ukusuka kwizithuba zokupakisha phakathi kweenxalenye ze-SiC, i-porosity kunye nobukhulu bee-pore zeseramikhi ezinezimbobo ezigqityiweyo zinokulawulwa ngokutshintsha ubungakanani bomgubo, uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bokongeza be-binder, kunye neeparamitha zokusila.
Ukulungiswa kweeseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezinemibhobho ngendlela yokufaka iiparticle stacking akudingi kongezwa kwee-agents ezongezelelweyo ezenza iipore. Le nkqubo ilula kwaye kulula ukuyilawula. Nangona kunjalo, i-porosity yeeseramikhi ezinemibhobho ezilungiselelwe ngale ndlela idla ngokuba iphantsi. Ubume, ubungakanani beepore kunye ne-porosity yeepore zimiselwa ikakhulu yimo, ubungakanani beepore kunye nokusasazwa kweeparticles zezinto ezikrwada, kunye nobungakanani bokungcolisa.
1.2 Indlela yokomisa ngokuqandisa
Ukomisa ngeqhwa yindlela ebandakanya ukuxuba ngokulinganayo ii-aggregates ze-ceramic namanzi okanye izinyibilikisi ze-organic phambi kobungakanani obufanelekileyo be-dispersants okanye ii-binders ukuze kwenziwe i-slurry. Emva koko, i-slurry exutywe kakuhle igalelwa kwi-mold kwaye iqandiswe ngokukhawuleza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, okuvumela i-matrix yesigaba solwelo ukuba iqine ngokukhawuleza ibe yinto eqinileyo. Emva koko, isigaba someleleyo esiqinisiweyo siyasuswa kwaye sisuswe ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo okanye unyango lokomisa nge-vacuum. Indlela yokufumana umzimba oluhlaza onezakhiwo ze-pore ezicwangciswe ngendlela ebekwe ngaphakathi kwe-slurry kwaye ekugqibeleni uyitshise ukuze kuveliswe ii-ceramics ze-silicon carbide ezinezimbobo.
1.3 Indlela yokuPrinta ye-3D
Indlela yokuprinta ye-3D yokulungiselela iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezinemingxuma luhlobo olutsha lwenkqubo yokulungiselela oluye lwaphuhliswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Le nkqubo ixhomekeke kwimodeli yedatha enamacala amathathu eyilwe ngoncedo lwekhompyutha. Ngentloko yokuprinta, i-binder itshizwa ukuze kubekwe umaleko wepowder wezinto eziluhlaza ngokulandelelana kwawo kwisakhiwo senethiwekhi enamacala amathathu. Ukudibanisa iinkqubo zokuprinta ze-3D kunye ne-reaction sintering kunokufezekisa ukwenziwa okungenasikhunta kunye nokwakheka kobukhulu obusondeleyo be-ceramics ezimile okwentsonkothileyo.
Indlela yokuprinta ye-3D yokulungiselela iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezinemibhobho inenkqubo elula yokwenza, ukulungiswa okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kwaye akukho mfuneko yeemolds. Ayinakusetyenziswa kuphela ukulungiselela iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezinemilo enzima, izakhiwo ezincinci ezifanayo kunye nokunxibelelana okuhle kweepore, kodwa kunye neeporesity kunye nobukhulu beepore zeseramikhi ezinemibhobho ziyalawuleka kwaye ziyalungiseka. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela isekwinqanaba lophando lokuhlola okwangoku, kwaye iiparameter zenkqubo zisafuna ukulungiswa ngakumbi. Ukongeza, le ndlela kunzima ukulungiselela iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezinemibhobho enamandla kwinqanaba elinye. Ifuna uncedo lwezinye iinkqubo ukuvelisa iimveliso ezifunwayo, ezibiza iindleko eziphezulu.
1.4 Ukugqwala
Indlela yokubumba ifutha ibandakanya ukongeza igesi okanye izinto ezinokuvelisa igesi ngokucubungula okulandelayo kumzimba oluhlaza we-ceramic okanye i-precursor, uze uyitshise ukuze ufumane ii-ceramics ze-silicon carbide ezinemingxuma. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela zokulungiselela, indlela yokubumba ifutha yinkqubo esebenzayo yokulungiselela ii-ceramics ezivaliweyo.
2. Indlela yeKhemikhali
Indlela yekhemikhali ibhekisa kwinto yokuba isakhiwo esineembobo kwi-silicon carbide ceramics ezineembobo senziwe ngokubola okanye ukusabela kweetyuwa ezingaphiliyo okanye izinto eziphilayo ezongeziweyo, okushiya izithuba kwiindawo zokuqala. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zekhemikhali zokulungiselela i-silicon carbide ceramics ezineembobo ziquka indlela yokongeza i-agent yokwenza iimbobo, indlela yokufaka i-foam ye-organic, kunye nendlela ye-template yebhayoloji, njl.njl.
2.1 Ukufunxwa kweFoam yendalo
Indlela yokufunxa i-organic foam ibandakanya ukusebenzisa i-organic foam njengetemplate, ukugquma ngokulinganayo i-ceramic slurry elungisiweyo kwitemplate okanye ukuntywilisela itemplate kwi-slurry ukuze kukhutshwe umoya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-slurry inamathela ngokulinganayo kwi-organic foam template. Emva koko, ngokomisa kunye nokutshiswa kobushushu obuphezulu, i-organic template iyasuswa, ngaloo ndlela kufumaneke i-ceramics ezinemingxuma.
Eyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo yale ndlela kukuba ayikwazi ukuvelisa iimveliso ze-porosity ezivaliweyo ezineembobo ezincinci. Imilo inqunyelwe kwaye ukusebenza kwe-preform kuchaphazeleka kakhulu zizinto eziluhlaza. Uxinano kunye namandla ezinto ze-ceramic ezilungiselelweyo ezineembobo kunzima ukulawula.
2.2 Indlela Yokongeza Iiarhente Zokwenza Imbobo
Ukulungiswa kweeseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezinemibhobho ngokongeza ii-agents ezenza imibhobho kubandakanya ukongeza ii-agents ezenza imibhobho kwi-silicon carbide powder okanye ii-precursors, uze emva koko ususe ii-agents ezenza imibhobho ngeenkqubo ezilandelayo. Ngenxa yoko, iindawo ezazihlala kuzo ii-agents ezenza imibhobho ekuqaleni zenza ii-pores, kwaye emva koko ukufudumeza kunye nokusila kwenziwa ukuze kwenziwe iiseramikhi ezinemibhobho. Ke ngoko, ukutshintsha uhlobo kunye nomthamo wee-agents ezenza imibhobho kunokulawula ngokulula i-porosity, i-pore morphology, ubungakanani be-pore kunye nokusasazwa kweeseramikhi ezinemibhobho ezigqityiweyo. Iindidi zee-agents ezenza imibhobho zibanzi kakhulu, kubandakanya ii-polymers zendalo okanye ezenziweyo ze-organic, ulwelo, iityuwa, iiseramikhi okanye ezinye iipowders, njl. Iinkqubo zokususa ii-agents ezahlukeneyo ezenza imibhobho ziyahluka. Ii-agents ezenza imibhobho ze-polymer ze-organic zihlala zisuswa ngokufudumeza nokubola, ii-agents ezenza imibhobho ye-liquid zinokususwa nge-crystallization kunye ne-sublimation, iityuwa zinokususwa ngokuhluzwa kwamanzi, kwaye iipowders zeseramikhi zinokususwa ngokuhluzwa kwesisombululo esifanelekileyo.
2.3 Indlela yeTemplate yebhayoloji
Ulwakhiwo lwe-microscopic pore kwi-biomaterials lwahluke kakhulu kolo lwezixhobo zokwenziwa. Ngenxa yesakhiwo salo esahlukileyo, ukulungiswa kwezinto ze-ceramic ezinemibhobho ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo kusetyenziswa izinto eziphilayo njengeetemplate kuye kwafumana ingqalelo enkulu [10]. Indlela ye-biological template kunye nendlela ye-organic foam impregnation ziyafana. Indlela ye-organic foam impregnation isebenzisa i-artificial sponge njengetemplate, ngelixa indlela ye-biological template isebenzisa izinto eziphilayo njengetemplate.
Indlela yetemplate yebhayoloji yokulungiselela iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezinemibhobho ineengenelo zenkqubo elula kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ingavelisa iiseramikhi ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo kwaye inokuphinda ulwakhiwo lwezinto zebhayoloji zendalo kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, itemplate yebhayoloji ithambekele ekuqhekekeni ngexesha lenkqubo ye-carbonization yobushushu obuphezulu, enefuthe elikhulu kwiimpawu zoomatshini zeeseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezinemibhobho. Ngaphezu koko, ulwakhiwo lwe-pore yeeseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezinemibhobho ezilungisiweyo luxhomekeke kakhulu kwisakhiwo se-microstructure yetemplate yebhayoloji ngokwayo, kwaye uyilo lwayo alulunganga. Ukongeza, le ndlela ikwanazo nezinye iingxaki, ezifana nokusebenza okuphantsi kokuguqulwa kwe-SiC, ukulahlwa lula komaleko we-SiC reaction, kunye nomjikelo omde wokulungiselela.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-22-2025