A cikin masana'antar narkewar aluminum da kuma narkakken aluminum degassing,na'urorin juyawa masu jujjuyawa na graphitekusan sun zama kayan aiki na yau da kullun. Masana'antu da yawa sun san cewa ba tare da murfin hana oxidation ba, za a yi amfani da rotor cikin sauri. Sakamakon haka, "rufin hana oxidation mai zafi" daban-daban sun mamaye kasuwa. Duk da haka, idan ana maganar wuraren samarwa na ainihi, tambaya ta gama gari ta taso: me yasa murfin, wanda ake tsammanin zai kare rotor na graphite, sau da yawa yakan zama sashi na farko da zai gaza a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai zafi, na dogon lokaci, da kuma mai tsanani? Ƙwararru masu shekaru da yawa na ƙwarewa a masana'antar semiconductor galibi suna fuskantar irin waɗannan matsalolin. Saboda haka, don zaɓar da amfani da murfin hana oxidation na graphite rotor yadda ya kamata, yana da mahimmanci a fara fahimtar hanyoyin gazawar murfin sannan a bincika yadda kamfani da ya ƙware a fannin maganin saman abu zai iya bambanta kansa a muhimman fannoni.
I. Me yasa masu juyawar graphite ba za su iya yin ba tare da rufin hana oxidation ba?
Graphite kanta tana da "aboki" sosai ga aluminum mai narkewa:
- Ƙananan yawa da nauyi mai sauƙi, rage nauyin watsawa;
- Kyakkyawan juriya ga girgizar zafi, ba ya saurin fashewa yayin zagayowar zafi mai maimaitawa;
- Mai sauƙin sarrafawa, yana ba da damar tsarin rotor mai rikitarwa wanda ke sauƙaƙe motsawar ruwa na aluminum da watsa kumfa.
Duk da haka, yana da rauni mai kisa: za a ci gaba da yin oxidizing kuma a sha shi a cikin yanayi mai yawan iskar oxygen.
A cikin yanayin narkewar aluminum na yau da kullun:
- Zafin aluminum mai narkewa yakan kasance daga 720–780°C, tare da wasu yanayi ma sun fi haka;
- Wani ɓangare na rotor yana fuskantar yanayin tanderu, inda iskar oxygen da abubuwan ƙonewa ba makawa ba ne;
- Na'urar juyawa tana juyawa da sauri, tana ci gaba da fallasa sabon graphite mai zafi mai zafi ga sararin samaniya.
Ba tare da ingantaccen shafi na hana iskar shaka ba, rotor zai nuna:
- Ana "ƙone" saman yadudduka a hankali, tare da raguwar girman da ake iya gani a cikin makonni ko ma kwanaki;
- Fuskar ta zama mai kauri da kuma ramuka, wanda ke haifar da watsa kumfa mara daidaito da kuma rage ingancin degassing;
- Foda mai narkewa da tarkace suna faɗuwa, suna zama tushen haɗakar aluminum mai narkewa.
Manufar rufewar hana iskar oxygen ita ce taimakawa graphite ya jure wannan "yaƙin amfani da iskar oxygen na yau da kullun" a ƙarƙashin yanayin aluminum da slag mai zafi, mai wadataccen iskar oxygen, da narkakken ƙarfe.
II. Me yasa Rufin Rufi yake kasawa da farko a karkashin yanayi mai tsanani?
A cikin nazarin gazawar yau da kullun, yanayin da aka fi fuskanta akai-akai za a iya haɗa shi zuwa yanayi daban-daban na yau da kullun:
1. Rashin Daidaito Tsakanin Faɗaɗar Zafi: Kyakkyawan Rufi "Yana Raba Kansa"
- Halayyar faɗaɗa zafi na graphite da kayan shafa marasa tsari sun bambanta sosai:
- Graphite yana da matuƙar anisotropic, tare da faɗaɗawa daban-daban a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban;
- Yawancin rufin yumbu ko gilashi suna da ƙarin ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi kuma suna da "ƙarfi."
A lokacin maimaita zagayowar dumama, jiƙawa, kashewa, da sanyaya, kayan biyu ba sa faɗaɗawa kuma suna ƙunƙuwa lokaci guda:
- Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna fara bayyana a cikin murfin;
- Waɗannan fasa suna ci gaba da yaduwa a ƙarƙashin juyawar rotor da kuma narkakken aluminum;
- Daga ƙarshe, manyan wuraren da ke cikin rufin suna zubar da ruwa, suna fallasa ɓangaren graphite a yankin.
A zahiri yana kama da "mara kyau a cikin ingancin shafi," amma a zahiri, daidaitawar zafi da graphite ba a taɓa ɗaukarsa a matsayin ƙayyadadden tsari a matakin ƙira da ƙira ba.
2. Rafuka da Rafuka: Tashoshi Masu Sauri Don Iskar Oxygen da Narkewar Aluminum
A wasu sharaɗi, tsarin microstructure ɗin ba shi da yawa sosai:
- Rarraba ƙwayoyin da ba su dace ba yana barin ramukan da suka haɗu bayan an yi musu siminti;
- Ba a yi amfani da shi da kuma busar da gubar zuwa ramukan ramuka da kumfa da aka makale ba;
- Rashin kula da lanƙwasa wutar yana haifar da yankunan da ba su da isasshen ruwa a yankin.
Waɗannan lahani marasa ganuwa suna ƙaruwa sosai a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki mai tsanani:
- Iskar oxygen tana ratsawa ta cikin ramuka kuma tana fara yin oxidize daga ƙarƙashin murfin;
- Ana cire ɓangaren da ke ƙarƙashin murfin a hankali, yana samar da "ɓoyayyen ƙura" ko kuma ƙuraje;
- Wata rana, a tsakiyar samarwa, wani ɓangare na rufin ya ɓace ba zato ba tsammani.
Abin da aka saba gani a wurin shi ne cewa ɓangaren baya na murfin da ya faɗi da kuma saman graphite da aka fallasa sun riga sun yi laushi kuma sun yi kauri.
3. Yin watsi da Tsatsauran Sinadaran da aka yi daga Aluminum da Slag da aka narkar
Hakika mawuyacin yanayin hidima ba wai kawai game da yanayin zafi mai tsanani ba ne. Sun kuma haɗa da:
- Tsarin ƙarfe mai rikitarwa na aluminum tare da babban Mg, babban Si, ko ƙarin ƙasa mai wuya;
- Ragowar sinadaran tacewa da rufewa da aka yi da chloride da fluoride;
- Slag da ke manne wa saman rotor na tsawon lokaci.
Idan tsarin shafa shafi kawai ya mayar da hankali kan "jure yanayin zafi mai yawa" yayin da yake yin watsi da waɗannan abubuwan sinadarai, akwai yiwuwar waɗannan matsaloli su faru:
- Wasu sassan shafa suna amsawa da aluminum mai narkewa ko tarkace, suna samar da matakai masu ƙarancin narkewa;
- A lokacin da aka shafe shi na dogon lokaci, murfin yana laushi a hankali kuma yana lalacewa ta hanyar sinadarai, tare da "cinye saman" kaɗan-kaɗan;
- Faɗin shafi yana yin kauri, filin kwararar ruwa yana lalacewa, kuma ingancin cire gas ɗin yana raguwa.
Gwaje-gwajen zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a dakin gwaje-gwaje da wuya su haifar da tarin tasirin wannan nau'in harin sinadarai na dogon lokaci.
4. Rashin Tsarin Aiki: Kyakkyawan Tsari "An Yi Amfani da Hanya Ba Daidai Ba"
Wani yanayi na yau da kullun shine:
- Tsarin iri ɗaya yana nuna rayuwar sabis daban-daban a cikin rukuni daban-daban ko tsire-tsire daban-daban;
- An fara aiki da sabon tsari kuma murfin ya fara barewa nan take, wanda hakan yana da wuya wurin samarwa ya yarda da shi.
Dangane da dalilin matsalar, ana iya samunsa a cikin cikakkun bayanai game da tsarin aikin:
- Rashin isasshen shiri na saman substrate, tare da gurɓatar ƙura da mai wanda ke haifar da mannewa;
- Kauri na shafi mara tsari, wanda ke haifar da rauni a wuraren da aka shafa;
- Rashin kula da zafin wuta da lokacin riƙewa, wanda ke haifar da rashin tsari na rufin da ba shi da tabbas.
Ga samfuran shafa, tsarin shine tushe, amma ingantaccen aiki mai kyau shine garantin rayuwar sabis.
III. Ta Yaya Kamfani Da Ya Fahimci Injiniyan Sama Yake Aiki?
A cikin kamfaninmu, an daɗe ana mai da hankali kan injiniyan saman kayan aiki da kuma rufin aiki don abubuwan da ke da zafi mai yawa. Don matsanancin yanayin aiki na rotors na graphite a masana'antar tace aluminum, muna magance matsalar daga manyan fannoni guda huɗu.
1. Tsarin Rufin da Ya Fara Daga Graphite, Ba Tare da Tilasta Rufin a Kan Duk Wani Abu Ba
Kullum muna farawa da cikakken nazarin kayan aiki na graphite substrate na abokin ciniki:
- Fahimci tsarin ramukansa, matakin yawansu, da kuma yanayin faɗaɗa zafin da ke tattare da anisotropic;
- Kimanta ainihin yanayin zafin aiki da kuma yawan zagayowar zafin jiki;
- Haɗa wannan da tsarin rotor don gano yankunan da ke da matuƙar damuwa da kuma waɗanda ke da yawan lalacewa.
A kan wannan dalili, muna aiwatar da tsarin zane mai laushi:
- Kula da jimlar yawan faɗaɗawar zafi na murfin ta yadda zai kasance kusa da graphite gwargwadon iko;
- Yi amfani da tsarin haɗakar matakai da yawa don daidaita tauri da ƙarfi;
- Daidaita kauri da tsarin yadudduka a yankunan da ke da matukar damuwa don rage haɗarin fashewa.
Abin da muke bayarwa ba "rufi ɗaya ga kowa ba ne," amma cikakken mafita ne da aka gina a kusa da substrate na graphite.
2. Sarrafa Tsarin Ƙananan: Yin Rufin Da Ya Yi Daɗi Da Gaske, Ba Kawai "Cikakke Ga Ido" Ba
Don magance pores da pinholes, muna aiki a lokaci guda daga kayan aiki da ɓangarorin sarrafawa:
- Inganta rarrabawar girman barbashi da abun ciki mai ƙarfi ta yadda murfin zai samar da tsari mai yawa bayan an yi siminti;
- Sarrafa busarwa da harbe-harbe a cikin taga da aka ƙayyade don rage damuwa ta ciki da ƙananan fasa;
- Yi gwajin ƙarfe mai sassa daban-daban, auna ramuka, da gwaje-gwajen mannewa akan manyan rukuni, barin bayanai su yi magana da kansu.
A cikin matsanancin yanayin aiki, wannan yana fassara zuwa:
- Ko da lokacin da lalacewar gida ta faru, murfin yana yin siriri a hankali maimakon ya zubo a cikin manyan ƙuraje;
- Bambancin rayuwar sabis yana da matuƙar raguwa, wanda hakan ke sauƙaƙa tsara tsarin aiki da kuma tsara jadawalin kulawa.
3. Tsarin Juriyar Tsatsa don Tsarin Aluminum da Slag na Musamman
Muna yin kimantawa na musamman game da juriya ga tsatsa bisa ga tsarin ƙarfe na aluminum da kayan taimako na kowane mai amfani:
- Yi gwaje-gwajen nutsewa don ƙarfe masu yawan magnesium da silicon daban-daban;
- Kwaikwayi muhalli tare da ragowar sinadaran tsaftacewa da rufewa don gwada daidaiton sinadaran murfin;
- Daidaita abubuwan da aka haɗa domin rage haɗarin raguwar narkewar abubuwa ko kuma raguwar yanayin da ke faruwa tsakanin murfin da kuma narkakken aluminum.
Daga mahangar mai amfani, fa'idodin suna da matuƙar tasiri:
- Raminan da suka narke a saman rotor ba sa sake faruwa;
- Slag ba ya yin ɓarna sosai a saman shafi, wanda hakan ke rage wahalar tsaftacewa;
- Tsabtace aluminum da aka narkar ya zama mafi karko, kuma lalacewar iskar gas da kuma haɗakarwa a cikin simintin da ke ƙasa suna raguwa.
4. Kawo Daidaiton Tsarin Aiki Cikin Tsarin Inganci, Ba Kawai Barin Shi A Takardar Bayanai Ba
A cikin samarwa, muna ɗaukar maganin farko na saman, aikace-aikacen shafi, da harbi azaman sarkar tsari guda ɗaya da aka haɗa:
- Tsarin tsaftacewa da ƙaiƙayi na substrate don tabbatar da ingantaccen "anga" ga rufin;
- Zaɓar hanyar amfani da ta dace (zuba, fesawa, ko gogewa) bisa ga tsarin rotor, tare da sarrafa kauri a layi;
- Rikodi da bin diddigin zafin tanderu, yanayi, dumama da sanyaya don tabbatar da daidaito tsakanin rukuni zuwa rukuni.
A lokaci guda kuma, muna ci gaba da ci gaba bisa ga ra'ayoyin da aka bayar a fagen:
- A yi nazarin sassan da aka dawo da su akai-akai, don gano ainihin wurin da kuma hanyar da aka bi wajen gazawar;
- Ciyar da waɗannan sakamakon bincike a cikin tsari da inganta tsari, maimakon kawai "yin kauri" ko "yin wahala."
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-19-2025