Me yasa Silicon a matsayin guntu na semiconductor?

Semiconductor wani abu ne wanda wutar lantarki a zafin ɗaki ke tsakanin na mai jagora da mai hana ruwa shiga. Kamar wayar jan ƙarfe a rayuwar yau da kullun, wayar aluminum mai jagora ce, roba kuma mai hana ruwa shiga ce. Daga mahangar mai gudanarwa: semiconductor yana nufin mai sarrafa wutar lantarki, tun daga mai hana ruwa shiga zuwa mai hana ruwa shiga.

A farkon zamanin guntun semiconductor, silicon ba shine babban abin da ke haifar da shi ba, germanium shine babban abin da ke haifar da shi. Transistor na farko transistor ne da ke tushen germanium, kuma guntun da'ira na farko da aka haɗa shi ne guntun germanium.

Duk da haka, germanium yana da wasu matsaloli masu wahala, kamar lahani da yawa a cikin na'urorin semiconductors, rashin kwanciyar hankali na zafi, da rashin isasshen yawan oxides. Bugu da ƙari, germanium wani sinadari ne mai wuya, abubuwan da ke cikin ɓawon duniya kashi 7 ne kawai a kowace miliyan, kuma rarraba ma'adinan germanium shi ma ya bazu sosai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda germanium ba shi da yawa, rarrabawar ba ta da yawa, wanda ke haifar da tsadar kayan germanium mai yawa; Abubuwa suna da wuya, farashin kayan suna da yawa, kuma transistors germanium ba su da arha a ko'ina, don haka transistors germanium suna da wahalar samarwa da yawa.

Don haka, masu binciken, hankalin binciken ya tashi sama, suna kallon silicon. Ana iya cewa duk gazawar da aka haifa a germanium fa'idodin da aka haifa a cikin silicon ne.

1, silicon shine sinadari na biyu mafi yawan sinadarai bayan iskar oxygen, amma da kyar za ka iya samun silicon a yanayi, mafi yawan sinadaransa sune silica da silicates. Silica yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan sinadaran da ke cikin yashi. Bugu da ƙari, feldspar, granite, quartz da sauran sinadarai sun dogara ne akan sinadaran silicon-oxygen.

2. Daidaiton zafin silicon yana da kyau, tare da oxide mai yawa, mai yawan dielectric, zai iya shirya hanyar haɗin silicon-silicon oxide cikin sauƙi tare da ƙarancin lahani na hanyar haɗin.

3. Silicon oxide ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa (germanium oxide ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa) kuma ba ya narkewa a cikin yawancin acid, wanda kawai shine fasahar buga lalata na allunan da aka buga. Haɗin samfurin shine tsarin da'irar da aka haɗa wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau.