Ib lub semiconductor yog ib yam khoom uas nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm chav tsev kub yog nruab nrab ntawm tus conductor thiab ib lub insulator. Ib yam li cov hlau tooj liab hauv lub neej txhua hnub, cov hlau txhuas yog tus conductor, thiab roj hmab yog tus insulator. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm conductivity: semiconductor txhais tau tias conductivity tswj tau, xws li insulator mus rau conductor.
Thaum ntxov ntawm cov semiconductor chips, silicon tsis yog tus ua si tseem ceeb, germanium yog. Lub transistor thawj zaug yog transistor raws li germanium thiab thawj lub integrated circuit chip yog germanium chip.
Txawm li cas los xij, germanium muaj qee qhov teeb meem nyuaj heev, xws li ntau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov interface hauv semiconductors, tsis ruaj khov thermal, thiab tsis txaus oxides ntom. Ntxiv mus, germanium yog ib qho khoom tsis tshua muaj, cov ntsiab lus hauv lub ntiaj teb lub crust tsuas yog 7 feem ib lab, thiab kev faib tawm ntawm germanium ore kuj yog dispersed heev. Nws yog vim germanium tsis tshua muaj, kev faib tawm tsis concentrated, ua rau tus nqi siab ntawm germanium raw khoom; Yam tsis tshua muaj, cov nqi raw khoom siab, thiab germanium transistors tsis pheej yig nyob qhov twg, yog li germanium transistors nyuaj rau loj tsim.
Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb, qhov kev tsom mus rau txoj kev tshawb fawb tau dhia mus rau ib theem, saib silicon. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias txhua qhov tsis zoo ntawm germanium yog qhov zoo ntawm silicon.
1, silicon yog qhov thib ob muaj ntau tshaj plaws tom qab oxygen, tab sis koj tsis tshua pom silicon hauv xwm, nws cov tshuaj feem ntau yog silica thiab silicates. Silica yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm xuab zeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, feldspar, granite, quartz thiab lwm yam tshuaj yog raws li silicon-oxygen compounds.
2. Lub thermal stability ntawm silicon yog qhov zoo, nrog rau qhov ntom ntom, siab dielectric tas li oxide, tuaj yeem yooj yim npaj lub silicon-silicon oxide interface nrog ob peb qhov tsis zoo ntawm interface.
3. Silicon oxide tsis yaj hauv dej (germanium oxide tsis yaj hauv dej) thiab tsis yaj hauv feem ntau cov kua qaub, uas tsuas yog cov thev naus laus zis luam ntawv xeb ntawm cov laug cam luam tawm. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke uas txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-31-2023