Kutheni iSilicon njenge-chip ye-semiconductor?

I-semiconductor sisixhobo esinombane oqhuba umbane kubushushu begumbi phakathi kowe-conductor kunye ne-insulator. Njengocingo lobhedu kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ucingo lwe-aluminium luyi-conductor, kwaye irabha yi-insulator. Ngokwembono ye-conductivity: i-semiconductor ibhekisa kwi-conductivity elawulekayo, ukusuka kwi-insulator ukuya kwi-conductor.

Kwimihla yokuqala yeetships ze-semiconductor, i-silicon yayingengomdlali ophambili, i-germanium yayiyeyona iphambili. I-transistor yokuqala yayiyi-transistor esekelwe kwi-germanium kwaye i-integrated circuit chip yokuqala yayiyi-germanium chip.

Nangona kunjalo, i-germanium ineengxaki ezinzima kakhulu, ezifana neziphene ezininzi zojongano kwi-semiconductors, ukuzinza okuphantsi kobushushu, kunye noxinano olungonelanga lwee-oxides. Ngaphezu koko, i-germanium yinto enqabileyo, umxholo okwi-crust yoMhlaba ziinxalenye ezisi-7 kuphela kwisigidi, kwaye ukusasazwa kwe-germanium ore nako kusasazeka kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba i-germanium inqabile kakhulu, ukusasazwa akuxinene, nto leyo ebangela ixabiso eliphezulu lezinto eziluhlaza ze-germanium; Izinto zinqabile, iindleko zezinto eziluhlaza ziphezulu, kwaye ii-germanium transistors azibizi naphi na, ngoko ke ii-germanium transistors kunzima ukuzivelisa ngobuninzi.

Ngoko ke, abaphandi, ingqwalasela yolu phando inyuke kakhulu, bejonga i-silicon. Kunokuthiwa zonke iziphene zokuzalwa ze-germanium ziingenelo zokuzalwa ze-silicon.

1, i-silicon yeyona nto yesibini ininzi emva kwe-oxygen, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane i-silicon kwindalo, eyona mixube yayo ixhaphakileyo yi-silica kunye ne-silicates. I-Silica yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zesanti. Ukongeza, i-feldspar, i-granite, i-quartz kunye nezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo zisekelwe kwiikhompawundi ze-silicon-oxygen.

2. Uzinzo lobushushu lwe-silicon lulungile, kunye ne-oxide engapheliyo ye-dielectric ephezulu, inokuyilungiselela ngokulula i-interface ye-silicon-silicon oxide eneziphene ezimbalwa ze-interface.

3. I-silicon oxide ayinyibiliki emanzini (i-germanium oxide ayinyibiliki emanzini) kwaye ayinyibiliki kwii-asidi ezininzi, nto leyo eyiteknoloji yokuprinta i-corrosion yeebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo. Imveliso edibeneyo yinkqubo edibeneyo yesekethe ecwangcisiweyo eqhubekayo nanamhlanje.