Ko te haurua-ā-ira he rauemi kei waenganui i te kawe hiko o te kaiārahi me te ārai i te pāmahana rūma. Pērā i te waea parahi i te ao o ia rā, he kaiārahi te waea konumohe, ā, he ārai te rapa. Mai i te tirohanga o te kawe hiko: ko te haurua-ā-ira e pā ana ki te kawe hiko ka taea te whakahaere, mai i te ārai ki te kaiārahi.
I ngā rā tōmua o ngā maramara haurua-ira, ehara te silicon i te mea matua, engari ko te germanium. Ko te transistor tuatahi he transistor i ahu mai i te germanium, ā, ko te maramara ara iahiko whakauru tuatahi he maramara germanium.
Heoi, he uaua rawa ngā raruraru o te germanium, pērā i te maha o ngā hapa atanga i roto i ngā semiconductors, te ngoikore o te pumau wera, me te koretake o te mātotoru o ngā waikura. Heoi anō, he huānga onge te germanium, e 7 noa iho ngā wāhanga ia miriona o te ihirangi i roto i te kirinuku o te Ao, ā, he tino marara hoki te tohatoha o te konganuku germanium. Nā te mea he onge rawa te germanium, kāore i te kukū te tohatoha, ka nui te utu o ngā rauemi mata germanium; he onge ngā mea, he nui ngā utu o ngā rauemi mata, ā, ehara i te mea iti te utu o ngā transistors germanium i hea, nō reira he uaua ki te hanga papatipu i ngā transistors germanium.
Nō reira, e ngā kairangahau, i piki ake te arotahi o te rangahau ki te silicon. Ka taea te kī ko ngā ngoikoretanga whānau katoa o te germanium ko ngā painga whānau o te silicon.
1, ko te silicon te tuarua o ngā huānga nui rawa atu i muri i te hāora, engari kāore e kitea te silicon i roto i te taiao, ko ōna pūhui tino kitea ko te silica me ngā silicates. Ko te silica tētahi o ngā wāhanga matua o te onepu. Hei tāpiri, ko te feldspar, te granite, te quartz me ētahi atu pūhui he mea hanga mai i ngā pūhui silicon-hāora.
2. He pai te pumau o te silicon i roto i te wera, he matotoru, he teitei te pūmau o te waikura, ā, ka taea te whakarite ngāwari i te atanga silicon-silicon oxide me te iti o ngā hapa o te atanga.
3. Kāore te waikura silicon e wairewa i roto i te wai (kāore te waikura germanium e wairewa i roto i te wai) ā, kāore hoki e wairewa i roto i te nuinga o ngā waikawa, koinei anake te hangarau tā waikura o ngā papa hiko tā. Ko te hua whakakotahi ko te tukanga porowhita whakauru papatahi e mau tonu ana tae noa ki tēnei rā.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-31-2023