Hoʻomaka i ke kolu o ka hanauna semiconductor GaN a me ka ʻenehana epitaxial pili

1. ʻEkolu-hanauna semiconductor

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻenehana semiconductor mua ma muli o nā mea semiconductor e like me Si a me Ge. ʻO ia ke kumu waiwai no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā transistors a me ka ʻenehana kaapuni hoʻohui. ʻO nā mea hana semiconductor mua i hoʻokumu i ke kumu no ka ʻoihana uila i ke kenekulia 20 a ʻo ia nā mea kumu no ka ʻenehana kaapuni hoʻohui.

ʻO nā mea semiconductor lua o ka hanauna he nui ka gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, indium arsenide, alumini arsenide a me kā lākou mau pūhui ternary. ʻO nā mea semiconductor lua o ka hanauna ke kumu o ka ʻoihana ʻike optoelectronic. Ma kēia kumu, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻoihana pili e like me ke kukui, hōʻike, laser, a me nā photovoltaics. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka ʻenehana ʻike hou a me nā ʻoihana hōʻike optoelectronic.

ʻO nā mea ʻelele o nā mea semiconductor ʻekolu o nā hanauna he gallium nitride a me ka carbide silicon. Ma muli o ko lākou ākea ākea, kiʻekiʻe electron saturation drift velocity, kiʻekiʻe thermal conductivity, a kiʻekiʻe breakdown ikaika kahua, he mau mea kūpono lākou no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe-frequency, a me nā mea uila haʻahaʻa. Ma waena o lākou, loaʻa i nā mea mana silicon carbide ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu, a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a loaʻa nā manaʻo ākea ākea i nā kaʻa ikehu hou, photovoltaics, kaʻa kaʻaahi, ʻikepili nui, a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa i nā polokalamu RF Gallium nitride nā pono o ke alapine kiʻekiʻe, ka mana kiʻekiʻe, ka bandwidth ākea, ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a loaʻa nā manaʻo noi ākea i nā kamaʻilio 5G, ka Internet of Things, radar pūʻali a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea mana o ka gallium nitride ma ke kahua haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Eia kekahi, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, manaʻo ʻia nā mea e puka mai ana i ka gallium oxide e hoʻohui i ka ʻenehana me nā ʻenehana SiC a me GaN i loaʻa, a loaʻa iā ia nā manaʻo noi i nā kula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea semiconductor o ka lua o ka hanauna, ʻoi aku ka laulā o nā mea semiconductor o ke kolu o ka hanauna (ʻo ka bandgap ākea o Si, kahi mea maʻamau o ka mea semiconductor mua-hanauna, e pili ana i 1.1eV, ka laulā bandgap o GaAs, kahi mea maʻamau o ka lua o ka bandgap width 4 a me ka semiconductor material. ʻO GaN, kahi mea maʻamau o ke kolu o ka hanauna semiconductor material, ʻoi aku ma luna o 2.3eV), ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka pale ʻana i ka radiation, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka pale ʻana i ka haki ʻana o ke kahua uila, a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā mea hana semiconductor ʻekolu o ka hanauna me ka laulā bandgap ākea e kūpono loa no ka hana ʻana i nā mea uila uila-kūʻai, kiʻekiʻe-frequency, mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kā lākou noi ʻana i nā mea uila uila microwave, nā LED, nā lasers, nā mana mana a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ʻike nui ʻia, a ua hōʻike lākou i nā manaʻo hoʻomohala ākea i nā kamaʻilio kelepona, nā grids akamai, nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā kaʻa ikehu hou, nā mea uila uila, a me nā uila uila a me nā kukui uila uliuli [1].