Hoʻolauna i ka semiconductor GaN hanauna ʻekolu a me ka ʻenehana epitaxial pili

1. Nā semiconductors hanauna ʻekolu

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻenehana semiconductor hanauna mua ma muli o nā mea semiconductor e like me Si a me Ge. ʻO ia ke kumu waiwai no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā transistors a me ka ʻenehana kaapuni hoʻohui. Ua hoʻokumu nā mea semiconductor hanauna mua i ke kahua no ka ʻoihana uila i ke kenekulia 20 a ʻo ia nā mea kumu no ka ʻenehana kaapuni hoʻohui.

ʻO nā mea semiconductor hanauna ʻelua ka mea nui e komo pū me ka gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, indium arsenide, alumini arsenide a me kā lākou mau hui ternary. ʻO nā mea semiconductor hanauna ʻelua ke kumu o ka ʻoihana ʻike optoelectronic. Ma kēia kumu, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻoihana pili e like me ke kukui, ka hōʻike, ka laser, a me nā photovoltaics. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka ʻenehana ʻike o kēia wā a me nā ʻoihana hōʻike optoelectronic.

ʻO nā mea i koho ʻia no nā mea semiconductor hanauna ʻekolu e komo pū ana me ka gallium nitride a me ka silicon carbide. Ma muli o ko lākou ākea ākea, ka wikiwiki o ka electron saturation drift, ke alakaʻi wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ikaika o ke kahua breakdown kiʻekiʻe, he mau mea kūpono lākou no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea uila kiʻekiʻe-mana, alapine kiʻekiʻe, a me ka pohō haʻahaʻa. I waena o lākou, loaʻa i nā mea mana silicon carbide nā pono o ka nui o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu haʻahaʻa, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui, a he mau manaʻolana noi ākea i nā kaʻa ikehu hou, photovoltaics, ka halihali kaʻaahi, ka ʻikepili nui, a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa i nā mea RF Gallium nitride nā pono o ke alapine kiʻekiʻe, ka mana kiʻekiʻe, ka bandwidth ākea, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui, a he mau manaʻolana noi ākea i nā kamaʻilio 5G, ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea, ka radar koa a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea mana e pili ana i ka gallium nitride i ke kahua haʻahaʻa-voltage. Eia kekahi, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, manaʻo ʻia nā mea gallium oxide e kū mai ana e hana i ka hoʻopihapiha ʻenehana me nā ʻenehana SiC a me GaN e kū nei, a he mau manaʻolana noi hiki ke loaʻa i nā kahua haʻahaʻa-alapine a me ke kiʻekiʻe-voltage.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea semiconductor hanauna ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka bandgap o nā mea semiconductor hanauna ʻekolu (ʻo ka laulā bandgap o Si, kahi mea maʻamau o ka mea semiconductor hanauna mua, ma kahi o 1.1eV, ʻo ka laulā bandgap o GaAs, kahi mea maʻamau o ka mea semiconductor hanauna ʻelua, ma kahi o 1.42eV, a ʻo ka laulā bandgap o GaN, kahi mea maʻamau o ka mea semiconductor hanauna ʻekolu, ma luna o 2.3eV), ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka radiation, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka haki ʻana o ke kahua uila, a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā mea semiconductor hanauna ʻekolu me ka laulā bandgap ākea he kūpono loa ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea uila e kūʻē i ka radiation, alapine kiʻekiʻe, mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea uila alapine microwave, nā LED, nā lasers, nā mea mana a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe ua huki nui i ka nānā ʻana, a ua hōʻike lākou i nā manaʻolana hoʻomohala ākea i nā kamaʻilio kelepona, nā pūnaewele akamai, ka transit kaʻaahi, nā kaʻa ikehu hou, nā mea uila mea kūʻai aku, a me nā mea kukui ultraviolet a me ka uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo [1].