Chiyambi cha semiconductor ya m'badwo wachitatu GaN ndi ukadaulo wofanana wa epitaxial

1. Makina opangira ma semiconductor a m'badwo wachitatu

Ukadaulo wa semiconductor wa m'badwo woyamba unapangidwa kutengera zipangizo za semiconductor monga Si ndi Ge. Ndiwo maziko a chitukuko cha ma transistors ndi ukadaulo wa ma circuit ophatikizidwa. Zipangizo za semiconductor za m'badwo woyamba zinakhazikitsa maziko a makampani amagetsi m'zaka za m'ma 1900 ndipo ndi zipangizo zoyambira zaukadaulo wa ma circuit ophatikizidwa.

Zipangizo za semiconductor za m'badwo wachiwiri makamaka zimaphatikizapo gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, indium arsenide, aluminiyamu arsenide ndi mankhwala awo a ternary. Zipangizo za semiconductor za m'badwo wachiwiri ndizo maziko a makampani opanga chidziwitso cha optoelectronic. Pachifukwa ichi, mafakitale ofanana monga magetsi, chiwonetsero, laser, ndi photovoltaics apangidwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga chidziwitso chamakono komanso mafakitale owonetsera optoelectronic.

Zipangizo zoyimira zida za semiconductor za m'badwo wachitatu zikuphatikizapo gallium nitride ndi silicon carbide. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu kwa band, liwiro lalikulu la ma electron saturation drift, kutentha kwakukulu, komanso mphamvu yayikulu yamunda, ndi zipangizo zabwino kwambiri zokonzekera zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, ma frequency apamwamba, komanso zotsika mtengo. Pakati pawo, zida zamagetsi za silicon carbide zili ndi ubwino wa mphamvu zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso kukula kochepa, ndipo zili ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, ma photovoltaics, mayendedwe a sitima, ma big data, ndi madera ena. Zipangizo za Gallium nitride RF zili ndi ubwino wa ma frequency apamwamba, mphamvu zambiri, bandwidth yayikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso kukula kochepa, ndipo zili ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mu kulumikizana kwa 5G, intaneti ya Zinthu, radar yankhondo ndi madera ena. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zamagetsi zochokera ku gallium nitride zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wamagetsi otsika. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zatsopano za gallium oxide zikuyembekezeka kupanga mgwirizano waukadaulo ndi ukadaulo wa SiC ndi GaN womwe ulipo, ndipo zimakhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito m'minda yamagetsi otsika komanso amphamvu kwambiri.

Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo za semiconductor za m'badwo wachiwiri, zipangizo za semiconductor za m'badwo wachitatu zili ndi m'lifupi mwa bandgap (m'lifupi mwa bandgap ya Si, chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zipangizo za semiconductor za m'badwo woyamba, ndi pafupifupi 1.1eV, m'lifupi mwa bandgap ya GaAs, chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zipangizo za semiconductor za m'badwo wachiwiri, ndi pafupifupi 1.42eV, ndipo m'lifupi mwa bandgap ya GaN, chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zipangizo za semiconductor za m'badwo wachitatu, ndi pamwamba pa 2.3eV), kukana kwamphamvu kwa radiation, kukana kwamphamvu kwa magetsi, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Zipangizo za semiconductor za m'badwo wachitatu zokhala ndi m'lifupi mwa bandgap ndizoyenera kwambiri popanga zipangizo zamagetsi zosagwirizana ndi radiation, ma frequency apamwamba, mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zophatikizana kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo mu zipangizo za ma microwave radio frequency, ma LED, ma laser, zipangizo zamagetsi ndi madera ena kwakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri, ndipo awonetsa mwayi waukulu wopita patsogolo mu kulumikizana kwa mafoni, ma grid anzeru, maulendo a sitima, magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, zamagetsi, ndi zida za ultraviolet ndi zobiriwira zabuluu [1].