He kupu whakataki ki te GaN semiconductor o te whakatupuranga tuatoru me te hangarau epitaxial e pā ana.

1. Ngā haurua-whakatipuranga tuatoru

I whakawhanakehia te hangarau haurua-ā-ira o te whakatupuranga tuatahi i runga i ngā rauemi haurua-ā-ira pērā i te Si me te Ge. Koinei te pūtake rauemi mō te whanaketanga o ngā transistors me te hangarau ara iahiko whakauru. Nā ngā rauemi haurua-ā-ira o te whakatupuranga tuatahi i whakatakoto te turanga mō te umanga hiko i te rautau 20, ā, koinei ngā rauemi taketake mō te hangarau ara iahiko whakauru.

Ko ngā rauemi haurua-whakatupuranga tuarua ko te gallium arsenide, te indium phosphide, te gallium phosphide, te indium arsenide, te konumohe arsenide me ō rātou matū tuatoru. Ko ngā rauemi haurua-whakatupuranga tuarua te tūāpapa o te umanga mōhiohio optoelectronic. I runga i tēnei kaupapa, kua whakawhanakehia ngā umanga e pā ana pēnei i te rama, te whakaaturanga, te laser, me te photovoltaics. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei i roto i ngā umanga hangarau mōhiohio me te whakaaturanga optoelectronic o nāianei.

Ko ngā rauemi e whakaatu ana i ngā rauemi semiconductor o te tuatoru o ngā whakatipuranga ko te gallium nitride me te silicon carbide. Nā te whānui o te āputa roopu, te tere tere o te rerenga irahiko, te kawe wera nui, me te kaha o te mara pakaru, he rauemi pai ēnei mō te whakarite i ngā taputapu hiko kiato mana teitei, auau teitei, me te iti o te ngaronga. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā taputapu hiko silicon carbide he painga o te kiato pūngao teitei, te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao, me te iti o te rahi, ā, he whānui ngā tono i roto i ngā waka hiko hou, ngā photovoltaics, te kawe tereina, te raraunga nui, me ētahi atu mara. Ko ngā taputapu RF Gallium nitride he painga o te auau teitei, te kaha teitei, te whānui o te whānui, te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao me te iti o te rahi, ā, he whānui ngā tono i roto i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 5G, te Ipurangi o ngā Mea, te radar hōia me ētahi atu mara. Hei tāpiri, kua whānui te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu hiko e hangai ana ki te gallium nitride i roto i te mara ngaohiko iti. Hei tāpiri, i ngā tau tata nei, e tumanakohia ana ka hanga e ngā rauemi gallium oxide hou he hononga hangarau ki ngā hangarau SiC me GaN o nāianei, ā, he pūmanawa tono pea i roto i ngā mara auau iti me te ngaohiko teitei.

Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rauemi haurua-whakakotahi o te whakatupuranga tuarua, he whānui ake te whānui o te āputa o ngā rauemi haurua-whakakotahi o te whakatupuranga tuatoru (ko te whānui o te āputa o Si, he rauemi noa o te rauemi haurua-whakakotahi o te whakatupuranga tuatahi, tata ki te 1.1eV, ko te whānui o te āputa o GaAs, he rauemi noa o te rauemi haurua-whakakotahi o te whakatupuranga tuarua, tata ki te 1.42eV, ā, ko te whānui o te āputa o GaN, he rauemi noa o te rauemi haurua-whakakotahi o te whakatupuranga tuatoru, kei runga ake i te 2.3eV), he kaha ake te ātete i te hihi, he kaha ake te ātete ki te pakaru o te mara hiko, me te ātete pāmahana teitei ake. Ko ngā rauemi haurua-whakakotahi o te whakatupuranga tuatoru he whānui ake te whānui o te āputa he tino pai mō te hanga i ngā taputapu hiko ātete-ihu, auau-teitei, mana-teitei me te kiato whakauru-teitei. Ko ā rātou tono i roto i ngā taputapu auau reo irirangi ngaruiti, ngā LED, ngā laser, ngā taputapu hiko me ētahi atu mara kua aro nui ki a rātou, ā, kua whakaatuhia e rātou he whānuitanga o ngā whanaketanga i roto i ngā whakawhitiwhiti waea pūkoro, ngā whatunga atamai, te kawe tereina, ngā waka hiko hou, ngā hiko kaihoko, me ngā taputapu rama ultraviolet me te kikorangi-kakariki [1].