Intangiriro ku ikoranabuhanga rya GaN ry’ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya gatatu n’ikoranabuhanga rijyanye naryo rya epitaxial

1. Imashini zikora imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi zo mu gisekuru cya gatatu

Ikoranabuhanga rya semiconductor ryo mu gihe cya mbere ryakozwe hashingiwe ku bikoresho bya semiconductor nka Si na Ge. Ni ryo shingiro ry'ibikoresho byo guteza imbere transistors n'ikoranabuhanga rya circuit integrated. Ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gihe cya mbere byashinze urufatiro rw'inganda z'ikoranabuhanga mu kinyejana cya 20 kandi ni byo bikoresho by'ibanze by'ikoranabuhanga rya circuit integrated.

Ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya kabiri birimo gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, indium arsenide, aluminiyumu arsenide n'ibindi bikoresho byayo bya ternary. Ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya kabiri ni byo shingiro ry'inganda z'amakuru ajyanye na optoelectronic. Ni muri urwo rwego, inganda zifitanye isano nka amatara, ecran, laser, na photovoltaics zarakozwe. Bikoreshwa cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rya none ry'amakuru n'inganda zerekana optoelectronic.

Ibikoresho by’ingenzi by’ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya gatatu birimo gallium nitride na silicon carbide. Bitewe n’aho biherereye cyane, umuvuduko mwinshi wa electron saturation, ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe, n’imbaraga nyinshi zo kugabanya ingufu, ni ibikoresho byiza cyane byo gutegura ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bifite imbaraga nyinshi, frequency nyinshi, n’ibitakaza bike. Muri byo, ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bya silicon carbide bifite inyungu zo kuba bifite ingufu nyinshi, ingufu nke, n’ingano nto, kandi bifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mu modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, photovoltaics, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi, amakuru menshi, n’ibindi. Ibikoresho bya Gallium nitride RF bifite inyungu zo kuba bifite frequency nyinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, bandwidth nini, ingufu nke n’ingano nto, kandi bifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mu itumanaho rya 5G, interineti y’ibintu, radar ya gisirikare n’ibindi. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bishingiye kuri gallium nitride byakoreshejwe cyane mu ishami rifite voltage nke. Byongeye kandi, mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibikoresho bishya bya gallium oxide byitezweho gukora ubwuzuzanye bwa tekiniki n’ikoranabuhanga risanzwe rya SiC na GaN, kandi bifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mu ishami rifite voltage nke n’iry’amashanyarazi menshi.

Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya kabiri, ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya gatatu bifite ubugari bwa bandgap bunini (ubugari bwa bandgap bwa Si, ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya mbere, ni hafi 1.1eV, ubugari bwa bandgap bwa GaAs, ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya kabiri, ni hafi 1.42eV, naho ubugari bwa bandgap bwa GaN, ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya gatatu, buri hejuru ya 2.3eV), ubudahangarwa bukomeye bw'imirasire, ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku ngufu z'amashanyarazi, kandi ubudahangarwa buri hejuru y'ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya gatatu bifite ubugari bwa bandgap bunini birakwiriye cyane mu gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birwanya imirasire, bikoresha frequency nyinshi, ingufu nyinshi kandi bifite ubucucike bwinshi. Imikoreshereze yabyo mu bikoresho bya radiyo ya microwave, LED, laser, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibindi byakuruye abantu benshi, kandi byagaragaje amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere mu itumanaho rigendanwa, imiyoboro y'ikoranabuhanga, inzira za gari ya moshi, imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abaguzi, n'ibikoresho by'urumuri rwa ultraviolet n'ubururu-icyatsi [1].