Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov teb chaws thoob plaws ntiaj teb tab tom txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam hydrogen zog ntawm qhov ceev tsis tau muaj dua. Raws li daim ntawv tshaj tawm ua ke los ntawm International Hydrogen Energy Commission thiab McKinsey, ntau tshaj 30 lub teb chaws thiab thaj chaw tau tshaj tawm daim ntawv qhia kev rau kev txhim kho lub zog hydrogen, thiab kev nqis peev thoob ntiaj teb hauv cov haujlwm hydrogen zog yuav ncav cuag 300 billion US dollars los ntawm xyoo 2030.
Lub zog hydrogen yog lub zog uas hydrogen tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv lub cev thiab tshuaj. Hydrogen thiab oxygen tuaj yeem hlawv kom tsim tau lub zog cua sov, thiab kuj tuaj yeem hloov mus ua hluav taws xob los ntawm cov roj cell. Hydrogen tsis yog tsuas yog muaj ntau qhov chaw xwb, tab sis kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev coj cua sov zoo, huv thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab cua sov siab rau ib chav tsev. Cov ntsiab lus cua sov ntawm hydrogen ntawm tib qhov hnyav yog li peb zaug ntawm roj av. Nws yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam petrochemical thiab roj fais fab rau foob pob hluav taws aerospace. Nrog rau kev hu xov tooj ntau ntxiv los daws teeb meem kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab ua tiav cov pa roj carbon neutrality, lub zog hydrogen yuav hloov pauv tib neeg lub zog.
Lub zog hydrogen tsis yog tsuas yog nyiam vim nws tsis muaj pa roj carbon dioxide hauv cov txheej txheem tso tawm, tab sis kuj vim tias hydrogen tuaj yeem siv ua lub zog khaws cia kom them rau qhov tsis ruaj khov thiab tsis tu ncua ntawm lub zog rov ua dua tshiab thiab txhawb kev txhim kho loj ntawm qhov kawg. Piv txwv li, thev naus laus zis "hluav taws xob mus rau roj" uas tsoomfwv German txhawb nqa yog los tsim hydrogen los khaws cov hluav taws xob huv xws li lub zog cua thiab lub zog hnub ci, uas tsis tuaj yeem siv tau raws sijhawm, thiab thauj hydrogen mus deb rau kev siv tau zoo dua. Ntxiv nrog rau lub xeev gaseous, hydrogen kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua kua lossis khoom hydride, uas muaj ntau hom kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los. Raws li lub zog "couplant" tsawg tsawg, lub zog hydrogen tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv yooj yim ntawm hluav taws xob thiab hydrogen, tab sis kuj tsim "choj" kom paub txog kev sib txuas ntawm hluav taws xob, cua sov, txias thiab txawm tias khoom, roj thiab roj kua, yog li tsim kom muaj lub zog huv dua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.
Ntau hom zog hydrogen muaj ntau yam kev siv. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2020, kev muaj thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tsheb hydrogen roj cell yuav nce 38% piv rau xyoo dhau los. Kev siv zog hydrogen ntau zuj zus maj mam nthuav dav los ntawm kev lag luam tsheb mus rau lwm qhov chaw xws li kev thauj mus los, kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam. Thaum siv rau kev thauj mus los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau thiab nkoj, zog hydrogen tuaj yeem txo qhov kev vam khom ntawm kev thauj mus los ntev thiab thauj khoom ntau rau cov roj thiab roj ib txwm muaj. Piv txwv li, thaum pib ntawm xyoo tas los, Toyota tau tsim thiab xa thawj pawg ntawm cov roj hydrogen roj cell rau cov nkoj hauv hiav txwv. Siv rau kev tsim hluav taws xob faib tawm, zog hydrogen tuaj yeem muab hluav taws xob thiab cua sov rau cov tsev nyob thiab cov tsev lag luam. Zog hydrogen kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab cov khoom siv raw zoo, txo cov neeg sawv cev thiab cov chaw ua kom sov zoo rau petrochemical, hlau thiab hlau, metallurgy thiab lwm yam kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide.
Txawm li cas los xij, ua ib hom zog thib ob, lub zog hydrogen tsis yooj yim tau txais. Hydrogen feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv dej thiab roj fossil hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj hauv ntiaj teb. Feem ntau ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tsim hydrogen uas twb muaj lawm vam khom lub zog fossil thiab tsis tuaj yeem zam kev tso pa roj carbon. Tam sim no, cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim hydrogen los ntawm lub zog rov ua dua tshiab maj mam loj hlob, thiab xoom carbon emission hydrogen tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm lub zog rov ua dua tshiab thiab dej electrolysis. Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav cov thev naus laus zis tsim hydrogen tshiab, xws li lub hnub ci photolysis ntawm dej los tsim hydrogen thiab biomass los tsim hydrogen. Cov thev naus laus zis tsim hydrogen nuclear tsim los ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm lub zog nuclear thiab thev naus laus zis tshiab ntawm Tsinghua University xav tias yuav pib ua qauv qhia hauv 10 xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov saw hlau kev lag luam hydrogen kuj suav nrog kev khaws cia, kev thauj mus los, kev sau, kev siv thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas, uas kuj ntsib nrog cov teeb meem kev siv tshuab thiab kev txwv nqi. Piv txwv li, kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los, hydrogen yog qhov ceev qis thiab yooj yim xau hauv qab qhov kub thiab siab ib txwm muaj. Kev sib cuag ntev nrog hlau yuav ua rau "hydrogen embrittlement" thiab kev puas tsuaj rau qhov kawg. Kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los nyuaj dua li thee, roj thiab roj av.
Tam sim no, ntau lub teb chaws nyob ib puag ncig txhua yam ntawm kev tshawb fawb hydrogen tshiab tab tom ua haujlwm tag nrho, muaj teeb meem kev siv tshuab hauv kev nce qib kom kov yeej. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob hydrogen thiab kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los, tus nqi ntawm lub zog hydrogen kuj muaj qhov chaw loj kom poob qis. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tus nqi tag nrho ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob hydrogen yuav poob ib nrab los ntawm xyoo 2030. Peb xav tias lub zej zog hydrogen yuav nrawm dua.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-30-2021