I ngā tau tata nei, kei te whakatairangahia e ngā whenua o te ao te whanaketanga o te umanga pūngao hauwai i tētahi tere kāore i kitea i mua. E ai ki te pūrongo i tukuna ngātahitia e te International Hydrogen Energy Commission me McKinsey, neke atu i te 30 ngā whenua me ngā rohe kua tukuna te mahere mō te whanaketanga pūngao hauwai, ā, ka eke te haumitanga o te ao ki te 300 piriona tāra US i te tau 2030.
Ko te pūngao hauwai te pūngao e tukuna ana e te hauwai i roto i te tukanga o ngā huringa ā-tinana me te matū. Ka taea te tahu i te hauwai me te hāora hei whakaputa pūngao wera, ā, ka taea hoki te huri hei hiko mā roto i ngā pūtau wahie. Ehara i te mea he whānui noa ngā pūtake o te hauwai, engari he pai hoki te kawe wera, he ma, he kore paitini, ā, he nui te wera mō ia wae taumaha. Ko te nui o te wera o te hauwai i te taumaha kotahi e toru ngā wā i te penehīni. He rauemi mata nui mō te umanga hinu matū me te wahie hiko mō te rōkete rererangi. I te mea e piki haere ana te karanga kia aro atu ki te huringa āhuarangi me te whakatutuki i te kore waro, e matapaetia ana ka huri te pūngao hauwai i te pūnaha pūngao tangata.
E paingia ana te pūngao hauwai, ehara i te mea nā te korenga o te tukunga waro i roto i te tukanga tukunga, engari nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi i te hauwai hei kawe rokiroki pūngao hei whakakī i te pōturi me te wā poto o te pūngao hou, me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga nui o te mea whakamutunga. Hei tauira, ko te hangarau "hiko ki te hau" e whakatairangahia ana e te kāwanatanga Tiamana ko te whakaputa hauwai hei penapena hiko ma pēnei i te hau me te hiko o te rā, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te wā tika, me te kawe hauwai i tawhiti mō te whakamahinga whai hua. Haunga te āhua hau, ka puta hoki te hauwai hei wai, hei wai totoka rānei, he maha ngā momo rokiroki me te kawe. Hei pūngao "couplant" onge, kāore e taea e te pūngao hauwai te whakatutuki i te huringa ngāwari i waenga i te hiko me te hauwai, engari ka hanga hoki i tētahi "piriti" hei whakatutuki i te hononga o te hiko, te wera, te makariri me te totoka, te hau me ngā wahie wai, kia hanga ai he pūnaha pūngao ma ake, whai hua ake.
He maha ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga o ngā momo pūngao hauwai. I te mutunga o te tau 2020, ka piki ake te mana o ngā waka pūtau wahie hauwai puta noa i te ao mā te 38% ki te whakataurite ki te tau o mua. Kei te whānui haere te whakamahinga nui o te pūngao hauwai mai i te mara motuka ki ētahi atu mara pēnei i te kawe waka, te hanga me te ahumahi. Ina whakamahia ki te kawe tereina me ngā kaipuke, ka taea e te pūngao hauwai te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki o te kawe waka tawhiti me te kawenga nui ki ngā wahie hinu me te hau tuku iho. Hei tauira, i te tīmatanga o te tau kua hipa, i whakawhanakehia e Toyota, ā, i tukuna te puranga tuatahi o ngā pūnaha pūtau wahie hauwai mō ngā kaipuke moana. Ina whakamahia ki te whakaputanga tohatoha, ka taea e te pūngao hauwai te whakarato hiko me te wera mō ngā whare noho me ngā whare arumoni. Ka taea hoki e te pūngao hauwai te whakarato tika i ngā rauemi mata whai hua, ngā kaihoko whakaiti me ngā puna wera kounga teitei mō ngā ahumahi matū hinu, rino me te maitai, te whakarewa me ētahi atu ahumahi matū, ka whakaiti pai i ngā tukunga waro.
Heoi, hei momo pūngao tuarua, ehara i te mea ngāwari te whiwhi i te pūngao hauwai. Ko te nuinga o te hauwai kei roto i te wai me ngā wahie pūmua i te āhua o ngā matū i runga i te whenua. Ko te nuinga o ngā hangarau whakaputa hauwai o nāianei e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūngao pūmua, ā, kāore e taea te karo i ngā tukunga waro. I tēnei wā, kei te pakari haere te hangarau whakaputa hauwai mai i te pūngao whakahou, ā, ka taea te whakaputa hauwai kore tukunga waro mai i te whakaputa hiko pūngao whakahou me te hiko wai. Kei te tūhuratia hoki e ngā kaipūtaiao ngā hangarau whakaputa hauwai hou, pērā i te whakaahua rā o te wai hei whakaputa hauwai me te koiora hei whakaputa hauwai. Ko te hangarau whakaputa hauwai karihi i whakawhanakehia e te Institute of nuclear energy and new energy technology o Te Whare Wānanga o Tsinghua e tūmanakohia ana ka tīmata te whakaaturanga i roto i ngā tau 10. Hei tāpiri, kei roto hoki i te mekameka ahumahi hauwai te rokiroki, te kawe, te whakakī, te tono me ētahi atu hononga, e pāngia ana hoki e ngā wero hangarau me ngā herenga utu. Hei tauira, he iti te kiato o te hauwai, ā, he ngāwari ki te turuturu i raro i te pāmahana me te pēhanga noa. Ko te pa atu ki te maitai mō te wā roa ka puta te "whakapakari hauwai" me te kino ki te mea whakamutunga. He tino uaua ake te rokiroki me te kawe i te waro, te hinu me te hau māori.
I tēnei wā, he maha ngā whenua kei te kaha haere tonu te rangahau hauwai hou, ā, kei te uaua haere tonu te mahi hangarau hei whakakore. I te whānui haere tonu o te tauine o te hanga pūngao hauwai me te hanganga rokiroki me te kawe, he nui hoki te wāhi hei heke iho i te utu o te pūngao hauwai. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau e matapaetia ana ka heke te utu whānui o te mekameka umanga pūngao hauwai mā te haurua i te tau 2030. E matapaetia ana ka tere ake te tere o te hapori hauwai.
Wā tuku: Maehe-30-2021