Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe emhlabeni wonke akhuthaza intuthuko yemboni yamandla e-hydrogen ngesivinini esingakaze sibonwe. Ngokusho kombiko okhishwe ngokubambisana yi-Hydrogen Energy Commission yamazwe ngamazwe kanye ne-McKinsey, amazwe nezifunda ezingaphezu kuka-30 akhiphe imephu yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-hydrogen, kanti ukutshalwa kwezimali emhlabeni wonke kumaphrojekthi amandla e-hydrogen kuzofinyelela amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingu-300 ngo-2030.
Amandla e-hydrogen amandla akhishwa yi-hydrogen enkambisweni yokushintsha okungokwenyama namakhemikhali. I-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo kungashiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla okushisa, futhi kungaguqulwa kube ugesi ngamaseli kaphethiloli. I-hydrogen ayinayo nje kuphela imithombo ehlukahlukene, kodwa futhi inezinzuzo zokuqhuba kahle ukushisa, okuhlanzekile nokungabuthi, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu ngesisindo ngasinye. Okuqukethwe kokushisa kwe-hydrogen ngesisindo esifanayo cishe kuphindwe kathathu kunophethiloli. Iyinto eluhlaza ebalulekile embonini ye-petrochemical kanye nophethiloli wamandla we-rocket yezindiza. Njengoba kubizwa kabanzi ukubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokufeza ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon, amandla e-hydrogen kulindeleke ukuthi ashintshe uhlelo lwamandla lwabantu.
Amandla e-hydrogen ayathandwa hhayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokukhishwa kwawo kwekhabhoni enkambisweni yokukhululwa, kodwa futhi ngoba i-hydrogen ingasetshenziswa njengesithwali sokugcina amandla ukuze kulungiswe ukuguquguquka kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamandla avuselelekayo futhi kukhuthazwe intuthuko enkulu yalawa akamuva. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe "bogesi kuya kugesi" obukhuthazwa uhulumeni waseJalimane ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen ukugcina ugesi ohlanzekile njengamandla omoya kanye namandla elanga, angasetshenziswa ngesikhathi, kanye nokuthutha i-hydrogen ibanga elide ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Ngaphezu kwesimo segesi, i-hydrogen ingabonakala futhi njenge-hydride ewuketshezi noma eqinile, enezindlela ezahlukene zokugcina nezokuthutha. Njengamandla angavamile "okuhlanganisayo", amandla e-hydrogen awakwazi nje kuphela ukubona ukuguqulwa okuguquguqukayo phakathi kukagesi ne-hydrogen, kodwa futhi akhe "ibhuloho" ukuze kubonakale ukuxhumana kukagesi, ukushisa, ukubanda ngisho nophethiloli oqinile, igesi kanye noketshezi, ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwamandla oluhlanzekile nolusebenzayo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla e-hydrogen zinezimo eziningi zokusetshenziswa. Ekupheleni kuka-2020, ubunikazi bomhlaba wonke bezimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen buzokhula ngo-38% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamandla e-hydrogen kukhula kancane kancane kusuka ensimini yezimoto kuya kwezinye izinkambu ezifana nezokuthutha, ukwakhiwa kanye nezimboni. Uma kusetshenziswa ezokuthutha zesitimela kanye nemikhumbi, amandla e-hydrogen anganciphisa ukuncika kokuthutha okude kanye nomthwalo omkhulu kumafutha kawoyela negesi endabuko. Isibonelo, ekuqaleni konyaka odlule, iToyota yathuthukisa futhi yaletha iqoqo lokuqala lezinhlelo zamaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen zemikhumbi yasolwandle. Isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni okusatshalaliswa, amandla e-hydrogen anganikeza amandla nokushisa ezakhiweni zokuhlala nezentengiselwano. Amandla e-hydrogen angaphinde ahlinzeke ngqo ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisebenzayo, izinto zokunciphisa kanye nemithombo yokushisa esezingeni eliphezulu yezimboni ze-petrochemical, insimbi nensimbi, i-metallurgy kanye nezinye izimboni zamakhemikhali, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Kodwa-ke, njengohlobo lwamandla esibili, amandla e-hydrogen akulula ukuwathola. I-hydrogen ikhona ikakhulukazi emanzini nasemafossil fuel ngesimo samakhemikhali emhlabeni. Iningi lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen obukhona buthembele emandleni avuselelekayo futhi abukwazi ukugwema ukukhishwa kwe-carbon. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka emandleni avuselelekayo buyakhula kancane kancane, futhi i-hydrogen engakhiqizi i-carbon ingakhiqizwa ngokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye ne-electrolysis yamanzi. Ososayensi bahlola nobuchwepheshe obusha bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen, njengokukhanya kwelanga kwamanzi ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen kanye ne-biomass ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen yenuzi obuthuthukiswe yi-Institute of nuclear energy kanye nobuchwepheshe bamandla amasha e-Tsinghua University kulindeleke ukuthi buqale ukubonakaliswa eminyakeni eyi-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchungechunge lwemboni ye-hydrogen luhlanganisa nokugcina, ukuthutha, ukugcwalisa, ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinye izixhumanisi, ezibhekene nezinselele zobuchwepheshe kanye nemikhawulo yezindleko. Uma sithatha indawo yokugcina kanye nokuthutha njengesibonelo, i-hydrogen iphansi futhi kulula ukuyivuza ngaphansi kokushisa okuvamile kanye nengcindezi. Ukuxhumana isikhathi eside nensimbi kuzobangela "ukuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen" kanye nomonakalo kokugcina. Ukugcina kanye nokuthutha kunzima kakhulu kune-solar photolysis yamanzi ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen kanye ne-biomass ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen.
Njengamanje, amazwe amaningi azungeze zonke izici zocwaningo olusha lwe-hydrogen asebenza ngokugcwele, ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe okufanele buthathwe ukuze bunqotshwe. Njengoba ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwesilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-hydrogen kanye nengqalasizinda yokugcina kanye nezokuthutha, izindleko zamandla e-hydrogen nazo zinendawo enkulu yokwehla. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izindleko eziphelele zochungechunge lwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen kulindeleke ukuthi zehle ngesigamu ngo-2030. Silindele ukuthi umphakathi we-hydrogen uzoshesha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-30-2021