I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, hoʻolaha nā ʻāina a puni ka honua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana ikehu hydrogen i ka wikiwiki ʻike ʻole.Wahi a ka hōʻike i hoʻokuʻu pū ʻia e ka International Hydrogen Energy Commission a me McKinsey, ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 mau ʻāina a me nā ʻāina i hoʻokuʻu i ka palapala alanui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikehu hydrogen, a ʻo ka hoʻopukapuka honua i nā pāhana hydrogen ikehu e hiki i 300 biliona kālā ʻAmelika e 2030.
ʻO ka ikehu hydrogen ka ikehu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka hydrogen i ke kaʻina hana o nā hoʻololi kino a me nā kemika.Hiki ke puhi ʻia ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen i mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka ikehu wela, a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i uila e nā wahie.ʻAʻole wale ka nui o nā kumu waiwai o ka hydrogen, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi nā pōmaikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka wela maikaʻi, maʻemaʻe a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole, a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana.ʻO ka maʻiʻo wela o ka hydrogen ma ka nui like he ʻekolu paha ka nui o ka ʻaila.He mea waiwai nui ia no ka ʻoihana petrochemical a me ka wahie mana no ka rocket aerospace.Me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke kelepona e hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau a loaʻa ka neutrality kalapona, manaʻo ʻia ka ikehu hydrogen e hoʻololi i ka ʻōnaehana ikehu kanaka.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻia ka ikehu hydrogen ʻaʻole wale no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka carbon carbon i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, akā no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hydrogen ma ke ʻano he mea e mālama ai i ka ikehu e hana ai i ka volatility a me ka intermittence o ka ikehu hou a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala nui o ka hope. .No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻenehana "electric to gas" i hoʻolaha ʻia e ke aupuni Kelemania e hana i ka hydrogen no ka mālama ʻana i ka uila maʻemaʻe e like me ka mana makani a me ka mana o ka lā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka manawa, a no ka lawe ʻana i ka hydrogen ma kahi lōʻihi no ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. hoʻohana.Ma waho aʻe o ke kūlana kinoea, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hydrogen ma ke ʻano he wai a i ʻole hydride paʻa, nona nā ʻano mālama a me nā ʻano halihali.Ma keʻano he "couplant" ikehu, hiki i ka ikehu hydrogen ke hoʻomaopopo wale i ka hoʻololi maʻalahi ma waena o ka uila a me ka hydrogen, akā kūkulu pū kekahi i kahi "alahaka" e hoʻomaopopo i ka pilina o ka uila, ka wela, ke anu a me ka paʻa, ke kinoea a me ka wai. e kūkulu i ka ʻōnaehana ikehu maʻemaʻe a maikaʻi.
Loaʻa nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona hoʻohana he nui i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ikehu hydrogen.Ma ka hopena o 2020, e hoʻonui ʻia ka mana honua o nā kaʻa wahie hydrogen e 38% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka makahiki i hala.Ke hoʻonui mālie nei ka noi nui o ka ikehu hydrogen mai ke kahua kaʻa i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me ka halihali, ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka ʻoihana.Ke hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻaahi kaʻa a me nā moku, hiki i ka ikehu hydrogen ke hoʻemi i ka hilinaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka lōʻihi a me ka lawe ukana kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka aila a me nā wahie kinoea.No ka laʻana, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻomohala a hāʻawi ʻo Toyota i ka pūʻulu mua o nā ʻōnaehana wahie hydrogen no nā moku moana.Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hanauna puʻunaue, hiki i ka ikehu hydrogen ke hāʻawi i ka mana a me ka wela no nā hale noho a me nā hale kalepa.Hiki i ka ikehu hydrogen ke hāʻawi pololei i nā mea waiwai, nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me nā kumu wela kiʻekiʻe no ka petrochemical, hao a me ke kila, metallurgy a me nā ʻoihana kemika ʻē aʻe, e hōʻemi pono ana i nā hoʻokuʻu kalapona.
Eia naʻe, ma ke ʻano o ka ikehu lua, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu hydrogen.Aia ka hydrogen i loko o ka wai a me nā wahie mōʻalihaku ma ke ʻano o nā pūhui ma ka honua.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻenehana hana hydrogen e hilinaʻi nei i ka ikehu fossil a ʻaʻole hiki ke pale i ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona.I kēia manawa, ke ulu mālie nei ka ʻenehana o ka hana hydrogen mai ka ikehu hou, a hiki ke hana ʻia ka hydrogen emission carbon zero mai ka hana mana o ka ikehu hou a me ka electrolysis wai.Ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā ʻenehana hana hydrogen hou, e like me ka photolysis solar o ka wai e hana i ka hydrogen a me ka biomass e hana i ka hydrogen.ʻO ka ʻenehana hana nuklea hydrogen i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka Institute of nuclear energy a me ka ʻenehana ikehu hou o ke Kulanui ʻo Tsinghua e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka hōʻike ma 10 mau makahiki.Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kaulahao ʻoihana hydrogen pū kekahi me ka mālama ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, ka hoʻopiha ʻana, ka noi a me nā loulou ʻē aʻe, e kū pū ana me nā pilikia ʻenehana a me nā kumu kūʻai.ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka mālama ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana ma ke ʻano he laʻana, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka hydrogen a maʻalahi ke kahe ma lalo o ka mahana maʻamau a me ke kaomi.ʻO ka pilina lōʻihi me ke kila e hoʻoulu ai i ka "hydrogen embrittlement" a me ka pōʻino i ka mea hope.ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana ma mua o ka lanahu, ka aila a me ke kinoea maoli.
I kēia manawa, nui nā ʻāina e pili ana i nā ʻano āpau o ka noiʻi hydrogen hou i ka holo piha, nā pilikia ʻenehana i ka piʻi ʻana e lanakila.Me ka hoʻonui mau ʻana o ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka ikehu hydrogen a me ka mālama ʻana a me ka ʻoihana halihali, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka ikehu hydrogen he wahi nui e emi ai.Hōʻike ka noiʻi e hāʻule ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa o ke kaulahao ʻoihana hydrogen i ka hapalua ma 2030. Manaʻo mākou e wikiwiki ka hui hydrogen.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-30-2021