Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela akhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini lamandla e-hydrogen ngesantya esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili. Ngokwengxelo ekhutshwe ngokudibeneyo yiKhomishini yamandla e-Hydrogen yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neMcKinsey, amazwe angaphezu kwama-30 kunye nemimandla akhuphe imephu yendlela yophuhliso lwamandla e-hydrogen, kwaye utyalo-mali lwehlabathi kwiiprojekthi zamandla e-hydrogen luya kufikelela kwi-300 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2030.
Amandla e-hydrogen ngamandla akhutshwa yi-hydrogen kwinkqubo yotshintsho lwendalo nolwekhemikhali. I-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen zinokutshiswa ukuze kuveliswe amandla obushushu, kwaye zinokuguqulwa zibe ngumbane ziiseli zepetroli. I-hydrogen ayinayo nje kuphela imithombo eyahlukeneyo, kodwa ikwanazo neenzuzo zokuqhuba ubushushu kakuhle, icocekile kwaye ayinatyhefu, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu ngeyunithi nganye yobunzima. Umthamo wobushushu be-hydrogen kubunzima obufanayo uphindwe kathathu kunowepetroli. Yinto ebalulekileyo kwishishini le-petrochemical kunye namafutha ombane kwi-rocket ye-aerospace. Ngokubizwa okwandayo kokujongana notshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufezekisa ukungathathi cala kwekhabhoni, amandla e-hydrogen kulindeleke ukuba atshintshe inkqubo yamandla oluntu.
Amandla e-hydrogen ayathandwa kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba ayikhuphi ikhabhoni kwinkqubo yokukhupha, kodwa kwanangenxa yokuba i-hydrogen ingasetyenziswa njengesithwali sokugcina amandla ukulungisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokungabikho kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso olukhulu lwamandla avuselelekayo. Umzekelo, iteknoloji "yombane ukuya kwigesi" ekhuthazwa ngurhulumente waseJamani kukuvelisa i-hydrogen ukugcina umbane ococekileyo njengombane womoya kunye namandla elanga, angenakusetyenziswa ngexesha, kunye nokuthutha i-hydrogen kumgama omde ukuze isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza kwimeko yegesi, i-hydrogen inokuvela njenge-hydride engamanzi okanye eqinileyo, eneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina kunye nezothutho. Njengamandla angaqhelekanga "okudibanisa", amandla e-hydrogen awakwazi nje kuphela ukuqonda ukuguqulwa okuguquguqukayo phakathi kombane kunye ne-hydrogen, kodwa kwanokwakha "ibhulorho" yokufezekisa ukudibana kombane, ubushushu, ukubanda kunye nokuba namandla aqinileyo, igesi kunye namafutha olwelo, ukuze kwakhiwe inkqubo yamandla ecocekileyo nesebenzayo.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamandla e-hydrogen zineemeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa. Ekupheleni kuka-2020, ubunini behlabathi bezithuthi ze-hydrogen fuel cell buza kunyuka ngama-38% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo. Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwamandla e-hydrogen kukhula kancinci kancinci ukusuka kwintsimi yeemoto ukuya kwezinye iindawo ezifana nezothutho, ulwakhiwo kunye noshishino. Xa kusetyenziswa kwiindlela zokuthutha oololiwe kunye neenqanawa, amandla e-hydrogen anokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kokuhamba umgama omde kunye nomthwalo ophezulu kumafutha eoyile kunye negesi yendabuko. Umzekelo, ekuqaleni konyaka ophelileyo, iToyota yaphuhlisa kwaye yazisa iqela lokuqala leenkqubo ze-hydrogen fuel cell kwiinqanawa zaselwandle. Isetyenziswa ekuveliseni okusasazwe, amandla e-hydrogen anokubonelela ngombane kunye nobushushu kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo. Amandla e-hydrogen anokubonelela ngokuthe ngqo ngezinto eziluhlaza ezifanelekileyo, ii-reducers zokunciphisa kunye nemithombo yobushushu esemgangathweni ophezulu kwi-petrochemical, i-iron kunye ne-steel, i-metallurgy kunye nezinye iikhemikhali, kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Nangona kunjalo, njengohlobo lwamandla esibini, amandla e-hydrogen akulula ukuwafumana. I-hydrogen ikhona ikakhulu emanzini nakwi-fossil fuels ngendlela yeekhompawundi emhlabeni. Uninzi lwetekhnoloji ekhoyo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen ixhomekeke kumandla e-fossil kwaye ayinakuphepha ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon. Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-hydrogen kumandla avuselelekayo iyakhula kancinci kancinci, kwaye i-hydrogen ekhutshwa yi-carbon emission inokuveliswa ngokuveliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye ne-electrolysis yamanzi. Izazinzulu zikwahlola ubuchwepheshe obutsha bokuvelisa i-hydrogen, obufana ne-solar photolysis yamanzi ukuvelisa i-hydrogen kunye ne-biomass ukuvelisa i-hydrogen. Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-hydrogen yenyukliya ephuhliswe yi-Institute of nuclear energy kunye netekhnoloji entsha yamandla kwiYunivesithi yaseTsinghua kulindeleke ukuba iqale ukubonakaliswa kwiminyaka eli-10. Ukongeza, uthotho lweshishini le-hydrogen lukwabandakanya ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, ukuzaliswa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nezinye iikhonkco, ezikwajongene nemingeni yobugcisa kunye nemida yeendleko. Ukuthatha indawo yokugcina kunye nokuthutha njengomzekelo, i-hydrogen inoxinano oluphantsi kwaye kulula ukuvuza phantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo. Ukunxibelelana kwexesha elide nentsimbi kuya kubangela "ukubhitya kwe-hydrogen" kunye nomonakalo kwi-latter. Ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha kunzima kakhulu kune-coal, ioyile kunye negesi yendalo.
Okwangoku, amazwe amaninzi ajikeleze zonke iinkalo zophando olutsha lwe-hydrogen aqhubeka ngamandla, ubunzima bobuchwephesha ekufuneka buthathwe ukuze buyoyiswe. Njengoko kuqhubeka ukwanda kobungakanani bemveliso yamandla e-hydrogen kunye neziseko zokugcina nezothutho, iindleko zamandla e-hydrogen nazo zinendawo enkulu yokwehla. Uphando lubonisa ukuba iindleko zizonke zekhonkco lamandla e-hydrogen kulindeleke ukuba zehle ngesiqingatha ngo-2030. Silindele ukuba uluntu lwe-hydrogen lukhawuleze.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-30-2021