He pēhea te mahi a ngā pereti bipolar graphite i roto i ngā pūtau wahie?

I. Te Tūranga Matua o ngā Pereti Pirau-rua o te Graphite i roto i te Putanga Ahumahi

I runga i te papamuri o ngā whāinga "waro rua" me te tere o te whanaketanga o te ōhanga hauwai, kei te neke haere ngā pūtau wahie (ina koa ko ngā pūtau wahie PEM) mai i te wāhanga whakaaturanga ki te tono tauine nui. Mai i ngā waka pāhihi ki ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko tohatoha, ko te whai huatanga o te pūnaha, te roa o te ora, me te utu o ngā pūtau wahie kei te noho hei tohu matua o te whakataetae ahumahi.

I roto i tēnei pūnaha, ehara te pereti rua-ira i te "wāhanga āwhina" noa iho, engari ko tētahi o ngā huānga mahi matua e whakatau ana i te mahi a te puranga pūtau wahie. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ko ngā pereti rua-ira te 60–80% o te taumaha me te 40–50% o te utu o te puranga pūtau wahie; ko tā rātou hoahoa me te kōwhiringa rauemi ka pā tika ki te kaha o te pūnaha, te pakari, me ngā utu hanga.

Mai i te tirohanga tikanga mahi, ka tutuki i ngā pereti rua-karapiti te tauhohenga hikohiko pumau me te haere tonu o ngā pūtau wahie mā te whakauru tino pai i ngā mahi maha—tae atu ki te "kawe iahiko, te tohatoha hau, te whakahaere wera, me te tautoko hanganga"—ka waiho hei "wāhanga matua hononga maha-ahupūngao" tūturu i roto i te puranga.

II. Te Tūranga me ngā Mātāpono Whakahaere o ngā Pereti Pirau-Whārite i roto i ngā Pūtau Wahie 

I roto i tētahi pūtau wahie kiriuhi whakawhiti proton (PEMFC), kei ngā taha e rua o te huihuinga irahiko kiriuhi (MEA) ngā pereti bipolar karāhe, e whakauru ana i ngā mahi a ngā waeine pūtau wahie hono-raupapa mā roto i tō rātou hanganga taha-rua.

Ka taea te mārama ki tōna kaupapa mahi mā roto i ngā tukanga e whā e hono ana:

Ko te tuatahi ko te tikanga kohikohi me te kawe hiko. I te wā o te tauhohenga pūtau wahie, ka ngaro ngā irahiko hauwai i te anode, ā, ka tukuna ēnei irahiko hei hiko mā te ara iahiko o waho. Ko te pereti bipolar te kawenga mō te ārahi i ngā irahiko mai i tētahi pūtau ki tētahi atu. Ka taea e te kawe hiko ā-roto o te graphite te eke ki te 10⁴ S/cm, ka whakaiti nui i ngā mate ohmic, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pai o te pūnaha.

Tuarua, ko te tikanga o te kawe i te matū tauhohe me te whakahaere i te mara rere. Ka mīhinihia te mata o te pereti bipolar ki ngā awa rere tika kia tohatohahia te hauwai me te hau, kia tangohia ai te wai i puta mai i te tauhohenga. Ko tēnei tukanga he raruraru whakahaere rere e rua-wāhanga o te hau-wai, ā, ko tōna hoahoa ka pā tika ki te pai o te whakawhiti papatipu me te pumau o te mahi pākahiko.

Tuatoru ko te tikanga whakahaere wera. Ka whakaputahia te wera e ngā pūtau wahie i te wā e mahi ana; ki te kore e taea te whakamarara i tēnei wera, ka arahi ki ngā wāhi wera ā-rohe, ka tere ake te koroheketanga o te irahiko kiriuhi. Nā te kawe wera pai o te karāpiti ka taea e ia te hora tere me te ōrite i te wera i roto i te papa, kia mau tonu ai te papa pāmahana pumau i roto i te puranga.

Hei whakamutunga, ko te tikanga hiri me te wehewehe. Mā te hoahoa hanganga me te pūnaha hiri kua taungahia, ka whakarite te pereti bipolar i te wehenga pakari o te hauwai me te hāora, ka ārai i te whakawhiti-paru o te hau. Ehara i te mea ka pā noa tēnei ki te whai huatanga engari ka pā tika hoki ki te haumaru o te pūnaha.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ehara te mātāpono whakahaere o ngā pereti rua-karaihe i te tukanga ā-tinana kotahi, engari ko te hua o te taunekeneke mahi tahi o tētahi pūnaha honohono maha-mara e uru ana ki ngā āhuatanga hiko, wera, rere, me te hanganga.

III. He aha i whiriwhiri ai i te karāpiti: He tātaritanga o ngā āhuatanga matua o te tinana

Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te graphite hei rauemi pereti bipolar, i ngā wā o mua me ēnei rā, nā te mea he maha ngā painga o tēnei mea puta noa i ngā inenga mahi matua.

Mō ngā āhuatanga hiko, he tino pai te kawe hiko o te karāpeti; nā tōna hanganga paparanga ka whakaratohia he ara tonu mō te kawe irahiko, ā, he rauemi tino pai mō te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hangarau DOE (kawe hiko > 100 S/cm).

Mō te pumau matū, he tino ātete te karāpiti ki te waikura. I roto i te taiao waikawa me te kaha-teitei o ngā pūtau wahie, he maha ngā wā ka waikura ngā rauemi whakarewa, ka hanga paparanga kore e taea te whakamahi, ā, ka piki ake te ātete ki te pa atu. He rerekē, he koretake matū ā-roto te karāpiti, e āhei ai te mahi pumau mō te wā roa.

Mō ngā āhuatanga wera, he nui te kawe wera o te karāpeti, e āwhina ana ki te whakatutuki i te tohatoha pāmahana ōrite i roto i te puranga, ā, e ārai ana hoki i te kino o te hiko membrane i puta mai i te wera nui ā-rohe.

Hei tāpiritanga, he tino pai ngā āhuatanga ārai hau o te karāpeti (ka taea te whakarei ake mā te whakakī), ā, ka ārai pai i te urunga o te hauwai me te hāora, ā, ka whakarite hoki i te pumau o te pūnaha.

Heoi, mai i te tirohanga hangarau, he nui ngā herenga o te karāpeti. Hei tauira, he tino pakarukaru, he uaua ki te tukatuka, ā, me matotoru te nuinga o te wā kia maha ngā mirimita (>2–5 mm), e ārai ana i ngā mahi ki te whakatutuki i ngā hoahoa papa māmā me te kaha-kiato. Nō reira, kua āta noho te karāpeti hiato me ngā mea whakakapi whakarewa hei arotahi rangahau i ngā tau tata nei.

IV. Ngā Auahatanga o te Ahumahi me te Tirohanga ki te Ao Whānui

I te tere haere o te hokohoko o ngā pūtau wahie, kei te tere haere te whanaketanga o te hangarau pereti bipolar, ko tōna whanaketanga e mārama ana i ahu mai i ngā rauemi me ngā whanaketanga whakanao.

I tētahi taha, i roto i ngā waka pāhihi me ngā tono kiato-mana teitei, kei te neke haere te ahumahi mai i ngā pereti bipolar karāhe tuku iho ki ngā pereti bipolar whakarewa (pērā i te maitai kore waikura me ngā koranu titanium). Ka taea e ēnei rauemi te whakatutuki i ngā matotoru iti iho i te mirimita, ā, ka tino whakaitihia e ngā tukanga tā ngā utu hanga, ā, ka tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te hanga papatipu.

I tētahi atu taha, kei te puta ake ngā pereti bipolar hiato karāhe hei otinga whakawhiti matua. Mā te whakauru i ngā whakakī kawe hiko pērā i ngā kapia me ngā nanotube waro, ka taea e ēnei rauemi te pupuri i te kawe hiko teitei me te ātete ki te waikura me te whakapai ake i te kaha miihini me te whakaiti i ngā utu tukatuka.

I taua wā anō, kei te akiakihia e ngā hangarau hanga matatau (pēnei i te hanga tāpiri) te hoahoa o ngā hongere rere pereti bipolar ki te whakapiki i te uaua me te whai huatanga, ā, mā reira ka whakarei ake i te mahi whānui me te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao o ngā pūtau wahie.

Mō te wā roa, ka noho whakataetae tonu ngā pereti paparua karāhe i ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei:

● Ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko tūmau (he mea nui te utu me te roa o te ora)

● Ngā tono mana iti-ki-waenga

● Ngā pūnaha hiko matū kawakore, āhua mahi motuhake rānei

Hei kaihanga me te kaiwhakarato matua o Hainangā pereti rua-ira o te karāhe, Kua whakawhanakehia e Ningbo VET Energy ngā pereti bipolar karāhe matatau mō ngā PEMFC he iti te utu, he kaha te kawe hiko, ā, he pakari hoki te miihini. Kei te tuku hoki a VET Energy i ngā rauemi karāhe kua whakakiia ki te kapia hei whakatutuki i te ātete hau me te kaha teitei, me te pupuri tonu i te kawe hiko me te wera pai rawa atu o te karāhe.

He mea nui ake,Pūngao VETE tautoko ana i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa pereti paparua karāhe kua whakaritea. Ka taea e mātou te mīhini i ngā taha e rua o ngā pereti hei hanga i ngā awa rere, te mīhini i te taha kotahi anake, te whakarato rānei i ngā pereti pātea kāore anō kia mīhinihia. Ka taea te tukatuka i ngā pereti karāhe katoa kia rite ki ō whakaritenga taipitopito. Kei te tumanako mātou ki ō pātai atu anō.