Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhompyutha ye-quantum engaxazulula izinkinga, amakhompyutha akudala angazixazulula ngomzamo omkhulu noma angazixazululi nhlobo—lena inhloso elandelwa yinani elikhulayo lamaqembu ocwaningo emhlabeni jikelele njengamanje. Isizathu: Imiphumela ye-Quantum, evela ezweni lezinhlayiya nezakhiwo ezincane kakhulu, ivumela izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Okubizwa ngokuthi ama-superconductor, avumela ukucubungula ulwazi nezimpawu ngokwemithetho ye-quantum mechanics, kubhekwa njengezingxenye ezithembisayo zokufeza amakhompyutha e-quantum. Nokho, iphuzu elinamathelayo le-superconducting nanostructures, ukuthi zisebenza kuphela emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho kunzima ukuziletha ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2′); });
Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseMünster naseForschungszentrum Jülich manje, okokuqala ngqa, babonise lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i-energy quantization kuma-nanowires enziwe ngama-superconductors okushisa okuphezulu—okungukuthi ama-superconductors, lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme ngaphansi kwalokho okubusa khona imiphumela ye-quantum mechanical. I-nanowire eqhuba i-superconducting ibe isithatha izimo zamandla ezikhethiwe kuphela ezingasetshenziswa ukufaka ikhodi yolwazi. Kuma-superconductors okushisa okuphezulu, abacwaningi bakwazi nokubona okokuqala ukumuncwa kwe-photon eyodwa, inhlayiya yokukhanya ekhonza ukudlulisa ulwazi.
“Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imiphumela yethu ingasiza ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe bokupholisa obulula kakhulu kubuchwepheshe be-quantum esikhathini esizayo, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, isinikeza ukuqonda okusha ngokuphelele ngezinqubo ezilawula izimo ze-superconducting kanye nokuguquguquka kwazo, ezingakaqondakali,” kugcizelela umholi wocwaningo uJun. Prof. Carsten Schuck wase-Institute of Physics e-Münster University. Ngakho-ke imiphumela ingase ibe efanele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha. Ucwaningo lushicilelwe kumagazini i-Nature Communications.
Ososayensi basebenzise ama-superconductor enziwe ngezinto i-yttrium, i-barium, i-copper oxide kanye ne-oxygen, noma i-YBCO ngamafuphi, lapho bakha khona izintambo ezimbalwa ezincane ze-nanometer. Lapho lezi zakhiwo zenza amandla kagesi amanje abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-phase slips'. Endabeni yama-nanowires e-YBCO, ukuguquguquka kobuningi bokuthwala ishaja kubangela ukuguquguquka ku-supercurrent. Abacwaningi baphenye izinqubo kuma-nanowires emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-20 Kelvin, okuhambisana nama-degree Celsius angu-253. Ngokuhambisana nokubalwa kwemodeli, babonise ukulinganiswa kwezimo zamandla kuma-nanowires. Izinga lokushisa lapho izintambo zingene khona esimweni se-quantum litholakale ku-12 kuya ku-13 Kelvin—izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokuphindwe kaningana kunezinga lokushisa elidingekayo ezintweni ezivame ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kwenza ososayensi bakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-resonator, okungukuthi izinhlelo ezinyakazayo ezihlelwe kuma-frequency athile, eziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi zigcine izimo ze-quantum mechanical isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuyimfuneko yokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi eside kwamakhompyutha amakhulu e-quantum.
Ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-quantum, kodwa okungenzeka futhi nasekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha, yizitholi ezingabhalisa ngisho nama-photon angawodwa. Iqembu locwaningo likaCarsten Schuck eNyuvesi yaseMünster selisebenze iminyaka eminingana ekuthuthukiseni izitholi ezinjalo ze-photon ezingawodwa ezisekelwe kuma-superconductor. Lokho osekusebenza kahle kakade emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ososayensi emhlabeni wonke bebelokhu bezama ukukufeza ngama-superconductor asezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. Kuma-nanowire e-YBCO asetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo, lo mzamo usuphumelele okokuqala ngqa. "Okutholakele kwethu okusha kuvula indlela yezincazelo ezintsha zethiyori ezingaqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe," kusho umbhali ohlangene uMartin Wolff weqembu locwaningo lweSchuck.
Ungaqiniseka ukuthi abahleli bethu baqapha ngokucophelela yonke impendulo ethunyelwe futhi bazokwenza okufanele. Imibono yakho ibalulekile kithi.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-07-2020