Tsarin girma na silicon monocrystalline yana gudana gaba ɗaya a cikin filin zafi. Kyakkyawan filin zafi yana da amfani ga inganta ingancin lu'ulu'u kuma yana da ingantaccen aikin lu'ulu'u. Tsarin filin zafi galibi yana ƙayyade canje-canje a cikin yanayin zafi a cikin filin zafi mai ƙarfi da kwararar iskar gas a cikin ɗakin tanderu. Bambancin kayan da ake amfani da su a filin zafi kai tsaye yana ƙayyade rayuwar sabis na filin zafi. Filin zafi mara hankali ba wai kawai yana da wahalar shuka lu'ulu'u waɗanda suka cika buƙatun inganci ba, har ma ba zai iya haɓaka cikakken lu'ulu'u na monocrystalline a ƙarƙashin wasu buƙatun tsari ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masana'antar silicon monocrystalline mai jan kai tsaye ke ɗaukar ƙirar filin zafi a matsayin mafi mahimmancin fasaha kuma yana saka manyan ma'aikata da albarkatu a cikin bincike da haɓaka filin zafi.
Tsarin zafin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan filin zafi daban-daban. Mun gabatar da kayan da ake amfani da su a filin zafi a taƙaice kawai. Dangane da rarraba zafin jiki a filin zafi da tasirinsa ga jan lu'ulu'u, ba za mu yi nazari a nan ba. Kayan filin zafi yana nufin tsari da ɓangaren rufe zafi a cikin ɗakin murhu na injinan dumama na girma lu'ulu'u, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar rarraba zafin jiki mai dacewa a kusa da narkewar lu'ulu'u na semiconductor.
1. Kayan tsarin filin zafi
Babban kayan tallafi don hanyar jan kai tsaye don haɓaka silicon monocrystalline shine graphite mai tsafta. Kayan graphite suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antar zamani. Ana iya amfani da su azaman abubuwan gina jiki na filin zafi kamarmasu dumama, bututun jagora, bututun ruwa, bututun rufi, tiren crucible, da sauransu wajen shirya silicon monocrystalline ta hanyar Czochralski.
Kayan zane-zanean zaɓe su ne saboda suna da sauƙin shiryawa a cikin manyan girma, ana iya sarrafa su kuma suna jure wa yanayin zafi mai yawa. Carbon a cikin siffar lu'u-lu'u ko graphite yana da wurin narkewa mafi girma fiye da kowane abu ko mahaɗi. Kayan graphite suna da ƙarfi sosai, musamman a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kuma ƙarfin lantarki da zafin su suma suna da kyau. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana sa ya dace dana'urar hitaKayan aiki. Yana da ingantaccen ma'aunin yanayin zafi mai kyau, wanda ke ba da damar rarraba zafi da na'urar dumama ke samarwa zuwa ga bututun da sauran sassan filin zafi. Duk da haka, a yanayin zafi mai yawa, musamman a wurare masu nisa, babban yanayin canja wurin zafi shine radiation.
Da farko ana yin sassan graphite ne da ƙananan ƙwayoyin carbonaceous da aka haɗa da manne kuma ana samar da su ta hanyar extrusion ko matsewa ta isostatic. Yawancin lokaci ana matse sassan graphite masu inganci ta hanyar keɓancewa. Da farko ana haɗa dukkan sassan carbon sannan a haɗa su a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kusa da 3000°C. Sassan da aka sarrafa daga waɗannan sassan gabaɗaya galibi ana tsarkake su a cikin yanayi mai ɗauke da chlorine a yanayin zafi mai yawa don cire gurɓataccen ƙarfe don biyan buƙatun masana'antar semiconductor. Duk da haka, ko da bayan tsaftacewa mai kyau, matakin gurɓataccen ƙarfe ya fi girma fiye da yadda aka yarda da kayan silicon monocrystalline. Saboda haka, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan a cikin ƙirar filin zafi don hana gurɓataccen waɗannan sassan shiga saman narkewa ko lu'ulu'u.
Kayan graphite suna da ɗan ratsawa, wanda hakan ke sauƙaƙa wa sauran ƙarfen da ke ciki damar isa saman. Bugu da ƙari, silicon monoxide da ke cikin iskar gas da ke kewaye da saman graphite zai iya shiga cikin yawancin kayan kuma ya mayar da martani.
An yi na'urorin dumama murhu na silicon monocrystalline na farko da ƙarfe masu tsauri kamar tungsten da molybdenum. Tare da ƙaruwar fasahar sarrafa graphite, halayen wutar lantarki na haɗin da ke tsakanin sassan graphite sun zama masu karko, kuma na'urorin dumama murhu na silicon monocrystalline sun maye gurbin tungsten, molybdenum da sauran na'urorin dumama kayan aiki gaba ɗaya. A halin yanzu, kayan graphite da aka fi amfani da su shine isostatic graphite. Fasahar shirya graphite na isostatic a ƙasata tana da koma baya, kuma yawancin kayan graphite da ake amfani da su a masana'antar photovoltaic ta cikin gida ana shigo da su ne daga ƙasashen waje. Masana'antun graphite na isostatic na ƙasashen waje galibi sun haɗa da SGL na Jamus, Tokai Carbon na Japan, Toyo Tanso na Japan, da sauransu. A cikin tanderun silicon monocrystalline na Czochralski, ana amfani da kayan haɗin C/C wani lokacin, kuma an fara amfani da su don ƙera ƙusoshi, goro, crucibles, faranti masu nauyi da sauran abubuwan haɗin. Haɗaɗɗen Carbon/carbon (C/C) haɗaɗɗen carbon ne waɗanda aka ƙarfafa da zare mai kauri tare da jerin kyawawan halaye kamar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, babban modulus na musamman, ƙarancin faɗaɗa zafi, kyakkyawan ikon lantarki, ƙarfin karyewa mai yawa, ƙarancin nauyi na musamman, juriyar girgizar zafi, juriyar tsatsa, da juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin sararin samaniya, tsere, kayan halitta da sauran fannoni a matsayin sabbin kayan gini masu jure zafi mai yawa. A halin yanzu, manyan matsalolin da haɗaɗɗen C/C na gida ke fuskanta har yanzu matsalolin farashi da masana'antu ne.
Akwai wasu kayayyaki da yawa da ake amfani da su wajen yin filayen zafi. Grafite mai ƙarfafa zare na carbon yana da ingantattun kaddarorin injiniya; amma ya fi tsada kuma yana da wasu buƙatu na ƙira.Silikon carbide (SiC)abu ne mafi kyau fiye da graphite a fannoni da yawa, amma ya fi tsada kuma yana da wahala a shirya manyan sassa. Duk da haka, ana amfani da SiC sau da yawa azamanRufin CVDdon ƙara tsawon rayuwar sassan graphite da aka fallasa ga iskar silicon monoxide mai lalata, kuma yana iya rage gurɓatawa daga graphite. Rufin silicon carbide mai yawa na CVD yana hana gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin kayan graphite mai ƙananan ramuka isa saman.
Wani kuma shine CVD carbon, wanda kuma zai iya samar da wani yanki mai kauri a saman ɓangaren graphite. Sauran kayan da ke jure zafi mai yawa, kamar molybdenum ko kayan yumbu waɗanda zasu iya rayuwa tare da muhalli, ana iya amfani da su inda babu haɗarin gurɓata narkewar narkewar. Duk da haka, yumburan oxide gabaɗaya suna da iyaka a cikin amfaninsu ga kayan graphite a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kuma akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka kaɗan idan ana buƙatar rufin. Ɗaya shine nitride mai hexagonal boron (wani lokacin ana kiransa farin graphite saboda irin waɗannan kaddarorin), amma halayen injin ba su da kyau. Ana amfani da Molybdenum gabaɗaya a yanayin zafi mai yawa saboda matsakaicin farashi, ƙarancin yaduwarsa a cikin lu'ulu'u na silicon, da kuma ƙarancin rarrabuwa na kusan 5 × 108, wanda ke ba da damar ɗan gurɓatar molybdenum kafin ya lalata tsarin lu'ulu'u.
2. Kayan kariya daga zafi
Kayan rufin da aka fi amfani da su shine na'urar jifa ta carbon a nau'i daban-daban. An yi na'urar jifa ta carbon ne da zare siriri, wanda ke aiki a matsayin na'urar jifa saboda suna toshe hasken zafi sau da yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren nesa. Ana saka na'urar jifa mai laushi ta carbon zuwa cikin zanen kayan da aka yi da sirara, sannan a yanka ta cikin siffar da ake so sannan a lanƙwasa ta sosai zuwa cikin radius mai dacewa. Na'urar jifa da aka goge ta ƙunshi kayan zare iri ɗaya, kuma ana amfani da na'urar jifa mai ɗauke da carbon don haɗa zare da aka watsar zuwa wani abu mai ƙarfi da siffa. Amfani da na'urar jifa ta carbon maimakon na'urar jifa na iya inganta halayen injinan kayan.
Yawanci, saman waje na jikewar maganin zafi ana shafa shi da wani shafi na graphite ko foil don rage zaizayar ƙasa da lalacewa da kuma gurɓatar ƙwayoyin cuta. Akwai wasu nau'ikan kayan kariya na zafi na carbon, kamar kumfa na carbon. Gabaɗaya, a bayyane yake cewa kayan graphitized ana fifita su saboda graphitization yana rage yankin saman zare sosai. Fitar da waɗannan kayan a saman yana raguwa sosai, kuma yana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kaɗan don tura tanderun zuwa wurin da ya dace. Wani kuma shine kayan haɗin C/C, wanda ke da halaye masu kyau kamar nauyi mai sauƙi, juriyar lalacewa mai yawa da ƙarfi mai yawa. Ana amfani da su a filayen zafi don maye gurbin sassan graphite sosai yana rage yawan maye gurbin sassan graphite, yana inganta ingancin monocrystalline da kwanciyar hankali na samarwa.
Dangane da rarrabuwar kayan, ana iya raba jil ɗin carbon zuwa polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt, viscose-based carbon felt, da pitch-based carbon felt.
Jikin carbon da aka yi da polyacrylonitrile yana da babban sinadarin toka. Bayan maganin zafi mai yawa, zare ɗaya ya zama mai rauni. A lokacin aiki, yana da sauƙin samar da ƙura don gurɓata muhallin tanderu. A lokaci guda, zaren zai iya shiga cikin ramuka da hanyoyin numfashi na jikin ɗan adam cikin sauƙi, wanda hakan yana da illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Jikin carbon da aka yi da viscose yana da kyakkyawan aikin kariya na zafi. Yana da laushi bayan maganin zafi kuma ba shi da sauƙin samar da ƙura. Duk da haka, ɓangaren giciye na zaren da aka yi da viscose ba shi da tsari, kuma akwai ramuka da yawa a saman zaren. Yana da sauƙin samar da iskar gas kamar C02 a ƙarƙashin yanayin iskar oxygen na tanderun silicon CZ, wanda ke haifar da hazo na iskar oxygen da abubuwan carbon a cikin kayan silicon monocrystalline. Manyan masana'antun sun haɗa da Jamusanci SGL da sauran kamfanoni. A halin yanzu, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a masana'antar monocrystalline ta semiconductor shine jikin carbon da aka yi da pitch-based, wanda ke da mummunan aikin kariya na zafi fiye da jikin carbon da aka yi da viscose, amma jikin carbon da aka yi da pitch-based yana da tsarki mafi girma da ƙarancin fitar da ƙura. Masu kera sun haɗa da Kureha Chemical da Osaka Gas na Japan.
Saboda siffar jifa ta carbon ba ta da matsala, yana da wuya a yi aiki da ita. Yanzu kamfanoni da yawa sun ƙirƙiro sabon kayan kariya na thermal bisa ga jifa mai felt-related carbon. Jifa mai felt, wanda kuma ake kira da hard felt, jifa ce mai siffar carbon mai ƙarfi da kuma ikon riƙe kanta bayan an saka jifa mai laushi da resin, an laminated, an warke kuma an yi amfani da shi wajen yin carbon.
Ingancin ci gaban silicon monocrystalline yana shafar kai tsaye ta hanyar yanayin zafi, kuma kayan rufin zafi na carbon fiber suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan yanayi. Jikin mai laushi na rufin zafi na carbon fiber har yanzu yana da babban fa'ida a masana'antar semiconductor na photovoltaic saboda fa'idar farashi, kyakkyawan tasirin rufin zafi, ƙira mai sassauƙa da siffa mai gyaggyarawa. Bugu da ƙari, jikin rufin zafi mai tauri na carbon fiber zai sami sararin ci gaba mafi girma a kasuwar kayan filin zafi saboda takamaiman ƙarfi da ƙarfin aiki mai girma. Mun himmatu ga bincike da haɓakawa a fannin kayan rufin zafi, kuma muna ci gaba da inganta aikin samfura don haɓaka wadata da haɓaka masana'antar semiconductor na photovoltaic.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-12-2024