Hoʻopau piha ʻia ke kaʻina ulu o ka silikon monocrystalline i ka māla wela. ʻO kahi kahua wela maikaʻi e kūpono i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā kristal a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka crystallization kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hoʻolālā o ke kahua wela e hoʻoholo nui i nā hoʻololi i nā gradients wela i loko o ke kahua wela hoʻoikaika a me ke kahe o ke kinoea i loko o ke keʻena umu. ʻO kaʻokoʻa o nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o ke kahua wela e hoʻoholo pololei i ke ola lawelawe o ke kahua wela. ʻAʻole paʻakikī wale ka māla wela kūpono ʻole e ulu i nā kristal e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka maikaʻi, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ulu i ka monocrystalline piha ma lalo o kekahi mau koi kaʻina. ʻO ia ke kumu i manaʻo ai ka ʻoihana silika monocrystalline huki pololei i ka hoʻolālā kahua wela ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana nui loa a hoʻopukapuka nui i nā manpower a me nā waiwai waiwai i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana wela i nā ʻano mea kahua wela. Hoʻopuka pōkole wale mākou i nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kahua wela. E pili ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wela ma ke kahua wela a me kona hopena i ka huki aniani, ʻaʻole mākou e loiloi ma aneʻi. ʻO ka mea wela wela e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka ʻāpana insulation wela i loko o ke keʻena umu ahi o ka ulu ʻana o ke aniani, he mea nui ia no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka puʻu wela kūpono a puni ka semiconductor melt a me ke aniani.
1. Thermal kahua kūkulu mea
ʻO ka mea kākoʻo kumu no ke ʻano huki pololei e ulu ai i ke silika monocrystalline he graphite maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe. He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā mea graphite i ka ʻoihana hou. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea kūkulu hale wela e like menā mea hoʻomehana, paipu alakai, nā kīʻaha, nā paipu insulation, crucible trays, etc. i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka silicon monocrystalline ma ke ʻano Czochralski.
Nā mea graphiteua kohoʻia no ka mea maʻalahi lākou e hoʻomākaukau i nā puke nui, hiki ke hanaʻia a kū'ē i nā mahana wela. ʻO ke kalapona ma ke ʻano o ke daimana a i ʻole ka graphite ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu heheʻe ma mua o kekahi mea a i ʻole hui. He ikaika loa nā mea graphite, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, a maikaʻi hoʻi kā lākou uila a me ka wela. ʻO kāna conductivity uila e kūpono ia e like me amea hoʻomehanamea waiwai. Loaʻa iā ia ka coefficient thermal conductivity maikaʻi, e hiki ai i ka wela i hana ʻia e ka mea hoʻomehana ke hoʻohele like ʻia i ka crucible a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kahua wela. Eia nō naʻe, i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma kahi lōʻihi, ʻo ke ʻano hoʻoili wela nui ka radiation.
Hana ʻia nā ʻāpana graphite me nā ʻāpana kalapona maikaʻi i hui pū ʻia me kahi mea hoʻopili a hana ʻia e ka extrusion a i ʻole ke kaomi isostatic. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana graphite kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopili mua ʻia ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa a laila kiʻi ʻia i nā wela kiʻekiʻe loa, kokoke i 3000°C. ʻO nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia mai kēia mau ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia i loko o kahi ea i loko o ka chlorine i nā wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻino metala e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka ʻoihana semiconductor. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohaumia metala ma mua o ka mea i ʻae ʻia no nā mea monocrystalline silicon. No laila, pono e mālama ʻia i ka hoʻolālā kahua wela e pale aku i ka haumia o kēia mau ʻāpana mai ke komo ʻana i ka ʻili hoʻoheheʻe a i ʻole ke aniani.
Hiki ke paʻa iki nā mea graphite, kahi e maʻalahi ai ke koena metala o loko e hiki i ka ʻili. Eia kekahi, hiki ke komo i loko o ka hapa nui o nā mea waiwai a me ka hana ʻana o ka silicon monoxide i loko o ke kinoea hoʻomaʻemaʻe a puni ka graphite.
Ua hana ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kilikaka monocrystalline mua me nā metala refractory e like me tungsten a me molybdenum. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻenehana hana graphite, ua paʻa nā waiwai uila o ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana graphite, a ua hoʻololi piha nā mea hoʻoheheʻe silicon monocrystalline i ka tungsten, molybdenum a me nā mea wela ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea graphite i hoʻohana nui ʻia he graphite isostatic. ʻO ka ʻenehana hoʻomākaukau graphite isostatic o koʻu ʻāina ʻoi aku ka hope, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea graphite i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana photovoltaic home e lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina ʻē. ʻO nā mea hana graphite isostatic ʻē aʻe ka nui o Kelemānia SGL, Iapana Tokai Carbon, Japan's Toyo Tanso, etc. Ma Czochralski monocrystalline silicon furnaces, C/C composite mea hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi manawa, a ua hoʻomaka lākou e hana i nā bolts, nati, crucibles, nā papa ukana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka carbon/carbon (C/C) composites he carbon fiber i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka carbon-based composites me ke ʻano o nā waiwai maikaʻi loa e like me ka ikaika kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, modulus kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hoʻonui haʻahaʻa, conductivity uila maikaʻi, kiʻekiʻe haʻihaʻi paʻakikī, haʻahaʻa kikoʻī haʻahaʻa, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka aerospace, racing, biomaterials a me nā māla ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā bottlenecks koʻikoʻi i ʻike ʻia e nā hui C / C home ke kumu kūʻai a me nā pilikia ʻoihana.
Nui nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā māla wela. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai mechanical i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka carbon fiber; akā ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi a loaʻa nā koi ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻolālā.Silika kalapona (SiC)ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka graphite ma nā ʻano he nui, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai a paʻakikī hoʻi e hoʻomākaukau i nā ʻāpana nui. Eia naʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo SiC ma ke ʻano heKa uhi CVDe hoʻonui i ke ola o nā ʻāpana graphite i hōʻike ʻia i ke kinoea silicon monoxide corrosive, a hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana mai ka graphite. ʻO ka uhi ʻana o ka carbide silicon CVD paʻa e pale pono i nā mea haumia i loko o ka microporous graphite material mai ka hiki ʻana i ka ʻili.
ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe he kalapona CVD, hiki ke hana i kahi papa paʻa ma luna o ka ʻāpana graphite. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka wela wela, e like me ka molybdenum a i ʻole nā mea seramika i hiki ke noho pū me ke kaiapuni, kahi e hiki ʻole ai ke hoʻohaumia i ka heheʻe. Eia nō naʻe, kaupalena ʻia nā seramika oxide i ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea graphite i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, a he liʻiliʻi nā koho ʻē aʻe inā makemake ʻia ka insulation. ʻO kekahi he hexagonal boron nitride (i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he graphite keʻokeʻo ma muli o nā waiwai like), akā ʻilihune nā waiwai mechanical. Hoʻohana maʻamau ka Molybdenum no nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kona kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o nā kristal silika, a me kahi coefficient hoʻokaʻawale haʻahaʻa loa ma kahi o 5 × 108, e hiki ai i kahi nui o ka molybdenum contamination ma mua o ka luku ʻana i ka hale aniani.
2. Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wela
ʻO ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ka carbon feel i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hana ʻia ke kalapona me nā fiber lahilahi, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he insulation no ka mea ua pāpā lākou i ka radiation thermal i nā manawa he nui ma kahi mamao. Ua ulana ʻia ke kalapona palupalu i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana lahilahi, a laila ʻoki ʻia i ke ʻano i makemake ʻia a hoʻopaʻa paʻa i kahi radius kūpono. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea ʻala i hoʻōla ʻia me nā mea fiber like, a ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea hoʻopaʻa kalapona e hoʻohui i nā fiber i hoʻopuehu ʻia i kahi mea ʻoi aku ka paʻa a me ke ʻano. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiho ʻana o ka mahu kemika o ke kalapona ma kahi o kahi mea hoʻopaʻa hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical o ka mea.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili o waho o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa insulation thermal me kahi uhi graphite mau a i ʻole foil e hōʻemi i ka ʻinoʻino a me ka ʻaʻahu a me ka palaka. Loaʻa pū kekahi ʻano mea hoʻokalakupua wela e like me ke kalapona. Ma keʻano laulā, makemake ʻia nā mea graphitized no ka mea e hōʻemi nui ka graphitization i ka ʻili o ka fiber. Hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kēia mau mea kiʻekiʻe i luna, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa e paʻi ai i ka umu i kahi ʻūhā kūpono. ʻO kekahi mea ʻo C/C composite material, nona nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi e like me ke kaumaha māmā, ka hoʻomanawanui ʻino kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā māla wela e hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana graphite e hōʻemi nui i ka pinepine o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻāpana graphite, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi monocrystalline a me ka paʻa hana.
E like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea maka, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kalapona i ka polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt, viscose-based carbon felt, a me ka pitch-based carbon felt.
He nui ka lehu i loko o ka polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, lilo ka fiber hoʻokahi i palupalu. I ka wā o ka hana, maʻalahi ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka lepo e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni umu. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka fiber ke komo maʻalahi i nā pores a me ka ʻōpū hanu o ke kino o ke kanaka, he mea pōʻino i ke olakino kanaka. ʻO ka manaʻo kalapona i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka Viscose he hana hoʻokalakupua wela maikaʻi. He palupalu ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka lepo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka fiber maka viscose, a he nui nā grooves ma ka ʻili fiber. He mea maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā kinoea e like me C02 ma lalo o ka lewa oxidizing o ka CZ silicon furnace, e hoʻoulu ai i ka ua o ka oxygen a me nā mea kalapona i loko o ka mea silika monocrystalline. ʻO nā mea hana nui ka German SGL a me nā hui ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana semiconductor monocrystalline ʻo ia ka pitch-based carbon felt, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana insulation thermal ma mua o ka viscose-based carbon felt, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ke kalapona pitch-based a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka lepo. Aia nā mea hana i nā Kureha Chemical a me Osaka Gas.
No ka mea, ʻaʻole paʻa ke ʻano o ka manaʻo kalapona, paʻakikī ke hana. I kēia manawa ua hoʻomohala nā hui he nui i kahi mea hoʻolale wela hou e pili ana i ka carbon felt-cured carbon felt. ʻO ka manaʻo kalapona i hoʻōla ʻia, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka manaʻo paʻakikī, he kalapona i manaʻo ʻia me kahi ʻano a me ka waiwai paʻa ponoʻī ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana me ka resin, laminated, hoʻōla a carbonized.
Hoʻopili pololei ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana o ka silicon monocrystalline e ke kaiapuni wela, a ʻo ka carbon fiber thermal insulation material ke kuleana nui i kēia kaiapuni. Loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka carbon fiber thermal insulation soft i ka ʻoihana photovoltaic semiconductor ma muli o kona uku kumukūʻai, hopena insulation thermal maikaʻi loa, hoʻolālā maʻalahi a me ke ʻano maʻamau. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka carbon fiber hard thermal insulation e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mākeke waiwai ma muli o kona ikaika a me ka operability kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopaʻa mākou i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kahua o nā mea insulation thermal, a hoʻomau mau i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka huahana e hāpai i ka pōmaikaʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana semiconductor photovoltaic.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-12-2024