Ko te tukanga whakatipu o te silicon monocrystalline ka oti katoa i roto i te mara wera. He pai te mara wera hei whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā tioata, ā, he pai ake te whai huatanga o te tioata. Ko te hoahoa o te mara wera te mea nui hei whakatau i ngā huringa o ngā pikinga pāmahana i roto i te mara wera hihiri me te rere o te hau i roto i te rūma oumu. Ko te rerekētanga o ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i te mara wera te mea tika hei whakatau i te roa o te mahi o te mara wera. Ehara i te mea he uaua ki te whakatipu tioata e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga kounga te mara wera koretake, engari kāore hoki e taea te whakatipu i te monocrystalline katoa i raro i ētahi whakaritenga tukanga. Koia te take e whakaarohia ana e te umanga silicon monocrystalline toia tika te hoahoa mara wera hei hangarau matua, ā, e whakangao nui ana i ngā rauemi tangata me ngā rauemi ki te rangahau me te whakawhanake i te mara wera.
He mea tito te pūnaha wera i ngā rauemi papa wera maha. Ka whakamārama poto noa mātou i ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i te papa wera. Mō te tohatoha pāmahana i roto i te papa wera me tōna pānga ki te kukume tioata, kāore mātou e tātari i konei. Ko te rauemi papa wera e pā ana ki te hanganga me te wāhanga whakamahana i roto i te rūma oumu korehau o te tipu tioata, he mea nui mō te waihanga i te tohatoha pāmahana tika huri noa i te rewa haurua-ira me te tioata.
1. Rauemi hanganga papa wera
Ko te rauemi tautoko matua mō te tikanga kukume-tika hei whakatipu i te silicon monocrystalline ko te karāhe parakore-teitei. He tino nui te mahi a ngā rauemi karāhe i roto i te ahumahi hou. Ka taea te whakamahi hei wāhanga hanganga papa wera pēnei i tengā whakamahana, ngā ngongo ārahi, ngā oko whakarewa, ngā ngongo whakamahana, ngā paepae para, me ētahi atu i roto i te whakarite i te silicon monocrystalline mā te tikanga Czochralski.
Ngā rauemi karāpitikua tīpakohia nā te mea he ngāwari ki te whakarite i roto i ngā rahinga nui, ka taea te tukatuka, ā, he ātete ki ngā pāmahana teitei. He teitei ake te ira rewa o te waro i roto i te āhua o te taimana, te karāpiti rānei i tētahi atu huānga, i tētahi atu matū rānei. He tino kaha ngā rauemi karāpiti, inā koa i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, he tino pai hoki te kawe hiko me te wera. Nā te kawe hiko e pai ai heiwhakamahanarauemi. He pai te tauwehenga kawe wera o tēnei rauemi, e āhei ai te tohatoha ōrite o te wera e whakaputaina ana e te whakamahana ki te para me ētahi atu wāhanga o te papa wera. Heoi, i ngā pāmahana teitei, inā koa i ngā tawhiti roa, ko te aratau whakawhiti wera matua ko te irahiko.
I te tīmatanga, he mea hanga ngā wāhanga karāpiti ki ngā matūriki waro pai kua konatunatua ki tētahi mea here, ā, mā te pēhi i te mea e hiahiatia ana, e pēhi ana rānei i te mea e hiahiatia ana. Ko ngā wāhanga karāpiti kounga teitei ka pēhia i te mea e hiahiatia ana. Ka whakakākanohia te wāhanga katoa i te tuatahi, kātahi ka whakakārāpitihia i ngā pāmahana tino teitei, tata ki te 3000°C. Ko ngā wāhanga i tukatukahia mai i ēnei wāhanga katoa ka purea i roto i te hau kei roto he chlorine i ngā pāmahana teitei hei tango i te poke o te konganuku kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te umanga semiconductor. Heoi, ahakoa i muri i te purenga tika, he maha ngā whakarea teitei ake o te poke o te konganuku i tērā e whakaaetia ana mō ngā rauemi silicon monocrystalline. Nō reira, me āta whakaaro ki te hoahoa o te mara wera kia kore ai e uru te poke o ēnei wāhanga ki te mata rewa, ki te mata tioata rānei.
He paku uruhanga ngā rauemi karāpiti, ā, he māmā noa iho te tae atu o te konganuku e toe ana ki te mata. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te hau konukōre silicon kei roto i te hau horoi huri noa i te mata karāpiti te uru ki roto i te nuinga o ngā rauemi, ka tauhohe.
I hangaia ngā whakamahana oumu silicon monocrystalline o mua ki ngā konganuku ātete pērā i te tungsten me te molybdenum. Nā te tipu haere o te hangarau tukatuka karāpeti, kua pumau ngā āhuatanga hiko o te hononga i waenga i ngā wāhanga karāpeti, ā, kua whakakapia katoatia ngā whakamahana oumu silicon monocrystalline i te tungsten, te molybdenum me ētahi atu rauemi. I tēnei wā, ko te rauemi karāpeti e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te karāpeti isostatic. He iti noa te hangarau whakarite karāpeti isostatic o tōku whenua, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā rauemi karāpeti e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga photovoltaic o roto e kawemai ana mai i tāwāhi. Ko ngā kaihanga karāpeti isostatic o tāwāhi ko te nuinga ko te SGL o Tiamana, ko te Tokai Carbon o Hapani, ko te Toyo Tanso o Hapani, me ētahi atu. I roto i ngā oumu silicon monocrystalline Czochralski, ka whakamahia ngā rauemi hiato C/C i ētahi wā, ā, kua tīmata te whakamahi hei hanga pūtu, nati, oko para, pereti kawenga me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ko ngā rauemi waro/waro (C/C) he rauemi waro kua whakapakarihia ki te muka waro, he maha ngā āhuatanga pai pērā i te kaha motuhake teitei, te modulus motuhake teitei, te tauwehenga whānui wera iti, te kawe hiko pai, te pakari pakaru teitei, te taumaha motuhake iti, te ātete ki te ru wera, te ātete ki te waikura, me te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei. I tēnei wā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te rererangi, te reihi, ngā rauemi koiora me ētahi atu mara hei rauemi hanganga hou e ātete ana ki te pāmahana teitei. I tēnei wā, ko ngā arai matua e pā ana ki ngā rauemi C/C o te whare ko ngā take utu me te ahumahi tonu.
He maha atu anō ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā papa wera. He pai ake ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te karāpeti kua whakapakarihia ki te muka waro; engari he nui ake te utu, ā, he maha atu anō ngā whakaritenga hoahoa.Karāhe hiraka (SiC)he rauemi pai ake i te karāpeti i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha, engari he nui ake te utu, ā, he uaua hoki ki te whakarite i ngā wāhanga nui. Heoi, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te SiC heiPaninga CVDhei whakanui ake i te roa o te ora o ngā wāhanga karāpiti e pāngia ana e te hau hauota konukōre waikura, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaiti i te poke mai i te karāpiti. Mā te paninga karāpiti konukōre CVD matotoru ka ārai i ngā poke i roto i te rauemi karāpiti moroiti kei tae atu ki te mata.
Ko tētahi atu ko te waro CVD, ka taea hoki te hanga i tētahi paparanga matotoru ki runga ake i te wāhanga karāpeti. Ko ētahi atu rauemi ātete pāmahana teitei, pērā i te molybdenum, i ngā rauemi uku rānei ka taea te noho tahi me te taiao, ka taea te whakamahi i te wāhi kāore he mōrearea o te poke i te rewa. Heoi, he iti noa te whakamahinga o ngā uku waikura ki ngā rauemi karāpeti i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, he iti noa iho ngā kōwhiringa mēnā e hiahiatia ana he whakamarumaru. Ko tētahi ko te boron nitride hexagonal (e kiia ana ko te karāpeti mā nā ngā āhuatanga ōrite), engari he ngoikore ngā āhuatanga miihini. Ko te molybdenum te whakamahinga whānui mō ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei nā te mea he iti te utu, he iti te tere horapa i roto i ngā tioata silicon, me te tauwehenga wehewehe tino iti o te 5×108, e āhei ai te nui o te poke o te molybdenum i mua i te whakangaro i te hanganga tioata.
2. Ngā rauemi whakamahana
Ko te rauemi whakamahana e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te whatu waro i roto i ngā āhua rerekē. He muka angiangi te whatu waro, e mahi ana hei whakamahana nā te mea ka ārai i te irahiko wera i ngā wā maha i runga i te tawhiti poto. Ka whatua te whatu waro ngohengohe ki roto i ngā rau rauemi angiangi, kātahi ka tapahia ki te āhua e hiahiatia ana, ka piko pūmau ki roto i te radius e tika ana. Ko ngā whatu kua rongoatia he mea hanga mai i ngā rauemi muka rite, ā, ka whakamahia he here kei roto he waro hei hono i ngā muka kua marara ki roto i tētahi mea totoka ake, he āhua ake. Mā te whakamahi i te whakatakotoranga kohu matū o te waro hei utu mō te here ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te rauemi.
I te nuinga o te wā, ka pania te mata o waho o te whatu whakamahana whakamahana ki te paninga karāhe tonu, ki te pepa konutea rānei hei whakaiti i te horo me te kakahu, tae atu ki te poke o ngā matūriki. Kei reira anō ētahi atu momo rauemi whakamahana waro, pērā i te pahuka waro. I te nuinga o te wā, ko ngā rauemi karāhe te mea e pai ake ana nā te mea ka tino whakaitihia te horahanga o te mata o te muka e te karāhe. Ka tino whakaitihia te hau o ēnei rauemi horahanga mata teitei, ā, ka iti ake te wā e pau ana ki te pupuhi i te oumu ki te korehau e tika ana. Ko tētahi atu ko te rauemi hiato C/C, he āhuatanga tino pai pērā i te mama, te manawanui kino me te kaha teitei. Ko te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara wera hei whakakapi i ngā wāhanga karāhe ka tino whakaitihia te auau o te whakakapinga o ngā wāhanga karāhe, ka whakapai ake i te kounga monocrystalline me te pumau o te whakaputanga.
E ai ki te whakarōpūtanga o ngā rauemi mata, ka taea te wehewehe i te whatu waro ki te whatu waro polyacrylonitrile, te whatu waro viscose, me te whatu waro pitch.
He nui te pungarehu o te whatu waro polyacrylonitrile. I muri i te maimoatanga pāmahana teitei, ka pakarukaru te muka kotahi. I te wā e whakamahia ana, he ngawari te whakaputa puehu hei whakapoke i te taiao oumu. I taua wa ano, ka taea e te muka te uru ngawari ki roto i ngā pore me te ara manawa o te tinana tangata, he mea kino ki te hauora o te tangata. He pai te mahi whakamahana o te whatu waro viscose. He ngawari te ahua i muri i te maimoatanga wera, ā, ehara i te mea ngawari ki te whakaputa puehu. Heoi, he koretake te whakawhiti o te muka mata viscose, ā, he maha ngā awaawa i runga i te mata o te muka. He ngawari te whakaputa hau penei i te C02 i raro i te hau whakahāora o te oumu silicon CZ, ka puta te maturuturu o te hāora me ngā huānga waro ki roto i te rauemi silicon monocrystalline. Ko ngā kaihanga matua ko te SGL Tiamana me ētahi atu kamupene. I tēnei wā, ko te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga semiconductor monocrystalline ko te whatu waro pitch-based, he kino ake te mahi whakamahana i te whatu waro viscose, engari he teitei ake te parakore o te whatu waro pitch me te iti ake o te tuku puehu. Ko ngā kaihanga ko te Kureha Chemical o Hapani me te Osaka Gas.
Nā te mea kāore te āhua o te whatu waro i te pumau, he uaua ki te whakahaere. Inaianei he maha ngā kamupene kua whakawhanake i tētahi rauemi whakamahana hou e hangai ana ki te whatu waro-whatu waro kua rongoatia. Ko te whatu waro kua rongoatia, e kiia ana ko te whatu mārō, he whatu waro he āhua motuhake me te āhuatanga pumau i muri i te whakakīia o te whatu ngohengohe ki te kapia, te whakakīia, te whakaora me te whakapūmau waro.
Ko te kounga tipu o te silicon monocrystalline e pāngia tika ana e te taiao wera, ā, he mahi nui tā ngā rauemi whakamahana muka waro i roto i tēnei taiao. He painga nui tonu tā te muka waro whakamahana muka ngohengohe i roto i te umanga semiconductor photovoltaic nā te mea he pai te utu, he pai te pānga whakamahana, he ngāwari te hoahoa me te āhua ka taea te whakarite. Hei tāpiri, ka nui ake te wāhi whanaketanga o te muka waro whakamahana mārō i roto i te mākete rauemi mara wera nā te mea he kaha ake, he pai ake hoki te whakahaere. E whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te rangahau me te whakawhanake i roto i te mara o ngā rauemi whakamahana, me te arotau tonu i te mahi hua hei whakatairanga i te angitu me te whanaketanga o te umanga semiconductor photovoltaic.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-12-2024