He ʻāina nui ʻo Kina me ka ʻāina ākea, nā kūlana honua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka pōhaku, nā kumuwaiwai mineral piha a me nā kumuwaiwai he nui. He kumuwaiwai mineral nui ia me kāna mau kumuwaiwai ponoʻī.
Mai ka manaʻo o ka mineralization, ua komo nā ʻāpana metallogenic nui ʻekolu o ka honua i Kina, no laila ua nui nā kumuwaiwai mineral, a ua piha loa nā kumuwaiwai mineral. Ua ʻike ʻo Kina i 171 mau ʻano mineral, he 156 o ia mau mea i hōʻoia ʻia nā waihona, a ʻo kona waiwai hiki ke kū i ke kolu o ka honua.
Wahi a nā waihona i hōʻoia ʻia, aia he 45 mau ʻano minelala nui ma Kina. Nui loa kekahi o nā waihona minelala, e like me nā metala honua kakaikahi, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, sulfur, magnesite, boron, lanahu, a pēlā aku, a pau i kūlana mua ma ka honua. I waena o lākou, ʻo nā ʻano waihona minelala ʻelima ka mea mua o ka honua. E nānā kākou i nā ʻano minelala.
1. ʻO ka ʻōpae tungsten
ʻO Kina ka ʻāina me nā kumuwaiwai tungsten waiwai loa ma ka honua. Aia he 252 mau waihona mineral i hōʻoia ʻia i hoʻolaha ʻia ma 23 mau panalāʻau (ʻāpana). Ma ke ʻano o nā panalāʻau (nā ʻāpana), ʻo Hunan (ʻo ka scheelite nui) a me Jiangxi (ʻeleʻele-tungsten ore) nā mea nui loa, me nā waihona e helu ana i 33.8% a me 20.7% o ka huina o nā waihona aupuni; ʻO Henan, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka panalāʻau (ʻāpana) ka lua.
ʻO nā wahi eli tungsten nui ʻo Hunan Shizhuyuan Tungsten Mine, Jiangxi Xihua Mountain, Daji Mountain, Pangu Mountain, Guimei Mountain, Guangdong Lianhuashan Tungsten Mine, Fujian Luoluokeng Tungsten Mine, Gansu Taʻergou Tungsten Mine, a me Henan Sandaozhuang Aluminum Tungsten Mine a pēlā aku.
ʻO Dayu County, Jiangxi Province, Kina ka "Tungsten Capital" kaulana o ka honua. Aia ma mua o 400 mau lua tungsten i hoʻopuehu ʻia a puni. Ma hope o ke Kaua Opium, ua ʻike mua nā Kelemania i ka tungsten ma laila. I kēlā manawa, ua kūʻai malū lākou i nā kuleana eli no 500 yuan. Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka poʻe aloha ʻāina, ua kū aʻe lākou e pale i nā lua a me nā lua. Ma hope o nā kūkākūkā he nui, ua loaʻa iaʻu nā kuleana eli ma 1,000 yuan i ka makahiki 1908 a hōʻiliʻili kālā no ka eli ʻana. ʻO kēia ka ʻoihana hoʻomohala lua tungsten mua loa ma Weinan.
ʻO ke kumu a me ka laʻana o ka waihona tungsten Dangping, Kalana ʻo Dayu, Panalāʻau ʻo Jiangxi
ʻO ka lua, ka ʻaila antimony
He metala hina-hina ʻo 锑 me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala. ʻO ke kuleana nui o ka niobium i loko o nā mea hoʻohuihui, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻakikī, i kapa pinepine ʻia he mau mea hoʻopaʻakikī no nā metala a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohuihui.
ʻO Kina kekahi o nā ʻāina o ka honua i ʻike a hoʻohana mua i ka antimony ore. Ma nā puke kahiko e like me "Hanshu Food and Food" a me "Historical Records", aia nā moʻolelo o ke kūʻē. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole lākou i kapa ʻia ʻo 锑, akā ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Lianxi." Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o New China, ua hana ʻia kahi ʻimi honua nui a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Yankuang Mine, a ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka umu pahū sulfurized sulfide concentrate. ʻO nā waihona antimony ore a me ka hana ʻana o Kina ke kūlana mua ma ka honua, a he nui nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku, ka hana ʻana o ka bismuth metala maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (me 99.999%) a me ke keʻokeʻo super kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike ana i ka pae hana holomua o ka honua.
ʻO Kina ka ʻāina me nā waihona waiwai plutonium nui loa o ka honua, e helu ana i 52% o ka huina honua. Aia he 171 mau lua ʻeli Yankuang i ʻike ʻia, ua hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma Hunan, Guangxi, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou a me Gansu. ʻO ka huina o nā waihona o nā panalāʻau ʻeono he 87.2% o ka huina o nā kumuwaiwai i ʻike ʻia. ʻO Hunan ka panalāʻau me nā waihona waiwai 锑 nui loa. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale wai anuanu o ka panalāʻau ka lua antimony nui loa o ka honua, e helu ana i hoʻokahi hapakolu o ka hana makahiki o ka ʻāina.
Ua hilinaʻi nui kēia kumuwaiwai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā mea i lawe ʻia mai e Kina a ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o nā mea kanu laha ʻole. Ua hōʻike ʻia he 60% o nā Yankuang i lawe ʻia mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai Kina mai. I ka piʻi ʻana o ke kūlana o Kina ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ua mākaukau mālie mākou i kekahi kuleana e ʻōlelo. I ka makahiki 2002, ua manaʻo ʻo Kina e hoʻohana i kahi ʻōnaehana quota no ka lawe ʻana aku i Yankuang, a hopu paʻa i nā kumuwaiwai i kona mau lima ponoʻī. I loko, e hoʻomohala i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī.
ʻO ke kolu, bentonite
He waiwai nui ka Bentonite i nā mineral ʻaʻole metala, ʻo ia hoʻi ka montmorillonite me kahi ʻano papa. No ka mea, he nui nā waiwai maikaʻi loa o ka bentonite e like me ka pehu ʻana, ka adsorption, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ka hoʻokahe ʻana, ka hoʻololi ʻana ion, ka paʻa, ka thixotropy, a pēlā aku, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1000 mau hoʻohana, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "pālolo honua"; hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i loko o nā Adhesives, suspending agents, thixotropic agents, catalysts, clarifiers, adsorbents, chemical carriers, a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻano like ʻole a ua kapa ʻia ʻo "nā mea honua".
He waiwai nui nā kumuwaiwai bentonite o Kina, me kahi kumuwaiwai i manaʻo ʻia he ʻoi aku ma mua o 7 biliona tone. Loaʻa ia i nā ʻano bentonite i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka calcium a me nā bentonite i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka sodium, a me nā bentonite i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hydrogen, alumini, soda-calcium a me nā bentonite i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia. ʻO nā waihona o ka sodium bentonite he 586.334 miliona tone, e helu ana i 24% o ka huina o nā waihona; ʻo nā waihona i manaʻo ʻia o ka sodium bentonite he 351.586 miliona tone; ʻo nā ʻano alumini a me ka hydrogen ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka calcium a me ka sodium bentonite e helu ana ma kahi o 42%.
ʻO ka hā, titanium
Ma ke ʻano o nā waihona, e like me nā kuhi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai ilmenite a me rutile o ka honua ma mua o 2 biliona tone, a ʻo nā waihona hiki ke hoʻohana waiwai ʻia he 770 miliona tone. Ma waena o nā waihona waiwai titanium maopopo o ka honua, he 94% ka ilmenite, a ʻo ke koena he rutile. ʻO Kina ka ʻāina me nā waihona ilmenite nui loa, me nā waihona o 220 miliona tone, e helu ana i 28.6% o nā waihona āpau o ka honua. ʻO Australia, India a me ʻApelika Hema ka lua a hiki i ka hā. Ma ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, ʻo nā hana titanium ore ʻehā kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua i ka makahiki 2016 ʻo ʻApelika Hema, Kina, Australia a me Mozambique.
Ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā waihona titanium ore honua i ka makahiki 2016
Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka titanium ore o Kina ma mua o 10 mau panalāʻau a me nā ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka titanium ore ka titanium ore, ka rutile ore a me ka ilmenite ore i loko o ka vanadium-titanium magnetite. ʻO ka Titanium i loko o ka vanadium-titanium magnetite ka mea nui i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Panzhihua o Sichuan. ʻO nā lua Rutile ka mea nui i hana ʻia ma Hubei, Henan, Shanxi a me nā panalāʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ilmenite ore ka mea nui i hana ʻia ma Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi a me nā panalāʻau ʻē aʻe (nā ʻāpana). ʻO ka nui o nā waihona TiO2 o ka ilmenite he 357 miliona tons, ʻo ia ka mea mua ma ka honua.
ʻElima, ʻo ka ʻaila honua laha ʻole
He ʻāina nui ʻo Kina me nā waihona waiwai honua kakaʻikahi. ʻAʻole wale ia he waiwai i nā waihona, akā he mau pono nō hoʻi o nā minelala piha a me nā mea honua kakaʻikahi, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlana o nā honua kakaʻikahi a me ka hoʻokaʻawale kūpono ʻana o nā wahi ore, e kau ana i kahi kahua paʻa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana honua kakaʻikahi o Kina.
ʻO nā minelala honua kakaikahi nui o Kina: ʻo ka lua honua kakaikahi ʻo Baiyun Ebo, ka lua honua kakaikahi ʻo Shandong Weishan, ka lua honua kakaikahi ʻo Suining, ka lua honua kakaikahi ʻano leaching shell leaching Jiangxi, ka lua iʻa ʻeleʻele ʻo Hunan a me ka lua one kahakai ma ke kahakai lōʻihi.
Ua hui pū ʻia ka hao me ka hao ka ʻaila honua laha ʻole ʻo Baiyun Obo. ʻO nā minelala honua laha nui, ʻo ia ka fluorocarbon antimony ore a me ka monazite. ʻO ka lakio he 3:1, kahi i hiki ai i ka pae hoʻōla honua laha ʻole. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ʻaila hui ʻia. ʻO ka huina o ka REO honua laha ʻole he 35 miliona tone, e helu ana ma kahi o 35 miliona tone. ʻO 38% o nā waihona o ka honua ka lua honua laha nui loa o ka honua.
ʻO ka ʻaila honua laha ʻole Weishan a me ka ʻaila honua laha ʻole Suining ua hana nui ʻia me ka ʻaila bastnasite, me ka barite, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a he maʻalahi ke koho i nā ʻaila honua laha ʻole.
ʻO ka Jiangxi weathering crust leaching rare earth ore he ʻano hou ia o ka mineral rare earth. He maʻalahi kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a loaʻa iā ia nā rare earths waena a me ke kaumaha. He ʻano rare earth ore ia me ka hoʻokūkū mākeke.
He waiwai nui hoʻi nā one kahakai o Kina. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ke kahakai o ke Kai Kina Hema a me nā kahakai o ka mokupuni ʻo Hainan a me ka mokupuni ʻo Taiwan ʻo ke kahakai gula o nā waihona one kahakai. Aia nā waihona one sedimentary hou a me nā lua one kahiko, kahi i mālama ʻia ai ka monazite a me ka xenotime. Hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke one kahakai ma ke ʻano he huahana ʻaoʻao ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka ilmenite a me ka zircon.
ʻOiai he waiwai nui nā kumuwaiwai minelala o Kina, akā he 58% o ka waiwai o ke kanaka o ka honua ka poʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ka 53 ma ka honua. A ʻo nā ʻano waiwai o Kina he ʻilihune a paʻakikī ke eli, paʻakikī ke koho, paʻakikī ke eli. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā waihona me nā waihona i hōʻoia ʻia o ka bauxite a me nā minelala nui ʻē aʻe he ʻilihune. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā minelala maikaʻi e like me ka tungsten ore ua hoʻohana nui ʻia, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokuʻu aku, e hopena ana i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa o nā huahana minelala a me ka hoʻonele ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai. Pono e hoʻonui hou aku i nā hana hoʻoponopono, pale i nā kumuwaiwai, hōʻoia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a hoʻokumu i kahi leo honua i nā kumuwaiwai minelala koʻikoʻi. Puna: Mining Exchange
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-11-2019