China inyika ine nzvimbo yakakura, mamiriro epasi pevhu anogadzira matombo, zviwanikwa zvezvicherwa zvakakwana uye zviwanikwa zvakawanda. Inyika ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvezvicherwa zvayo.
Kubva pamaonero ekushandiswa kwezvicherwa, nzvimbo nhatu huru dzepasi rose dzinoita kuti simbi dzivepo dzakapinda muChina, saka zvicherwa zvakawanda, uye zvicherwa zvacho zvakakwana. China yakawana mhando dzezvicherwa 171, 156 dzacho dzakawanikwa dzakachengetwa, uye kukosha kwadzo kuri panzvimbo yechitatu pasi rose.
Zvichienderana nekuchengetedzwa kwakasimbiswa, kune mhando makumi mana neshanu dzezvicherwa zvinotonga muChina. Mamwe emacherwa anowanikwa akawanda, akadai sesimbi dzepasi dzisingawanzoonekwi, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, sulfur, magnesite, boron, coal, nezvimwewo, zvese zviri pamberi penyika. Pakati pazvo, mhando shanu dzemacherwa ndiwo ekutanga pasi rose. Ngatitarisei kuti ndeapi marudzi emacherwa.
1. Matombo eTungsten
China ndiyo nyika ine zviwanikwa zve tungsten zvakapfuma pasi rose. Kune zvicherwa zvakawanikwa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu nezviviri zvakagoverwa mumapurovhinzi makumi maviri nematatu (matunhu). Kana tichitaura nezvemapurovhinzi (matunhu), Hunan (zvikuru scheelite) neJiangxi (black-tungsten ore) ndiwo makuru, ane mareserve anosvika 33.8% uye 20.7% yenzvimbo dzese dzekuchengetedza nyika zvichiteerana; Henan, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, nezvimwewo. Dunhu (dunhu) ndiro rechipiri.
Nzvimbo huru dzemigodhi yetungsten dzinosanganisira Hunan Shizhuyuan Tungsten Mine, Jiangxi Xihua Mountain, Daji Mountain, Pangu Mountain, Guimei Mountain, Guangdong Lianhuashan Tungsten Mine, Fujian Luoluokeng Tungsten Mine, Gansu Ta'ergou Tungsten Mine, uye Henan Sandaozhuang Mine Aluminum paTungsten.
Dayu County, Jiangxi Province, China ndiyo "Tungsten Capital" inozivikanwa pasi rose. Kune migodhi ye tungsten inodarika 400 yakapararira. Mushure meHondo yeOpium, maGerman akatanga kuwana tungsten ipapo. Panguva iyoyo, vakangotenga kodzero dzemigodhi muchivande ne500 yuan. Mushure mekuwanikwa kwevanhu vane chido chenyika, vakasimukira kuchengetedza migodhi nemigodhi. Mushure mekutaurirana kwakawanda, ndakazowana kodzero dzemigodhi pa1,000 yuan muna 1908 ndikawana mari yemigodhi. Iyi ndiyo indasitiri yekutanga yekuvandudza migodhi ye tungsten muWeinan.
Chitubu chetungsten deposit nemuenzaniso weDangping, Dayu County, Jiangxi Province
Chechipiri, dombo reantimony
锑 isimbi yesirivha-grey ine simba rekudzivirira ngura. Basa guru re niobium mu alloys nderekuwedzera kuomarara, kunowanzonzi zvinosimbisa simbi kana alloys.
China ndeimwe yenyika pasi rose dzakawana nekushandisa matombo eantimony kare. Mumabhuku ekare akadai se "Hanshu Food and Food" uye "Historical Records", mune zvinyorwa zvekusawirirana. Panguva iyoyo, aisanzi 锑, asi ainzi "Lianxi." Mushure mekutangwa kweNew China, ongororo yakakura yezve geology nekuvandudzwa kweYankuang Mine kwakaitwa, uye kunyungudika kwefurnace yesulphide concentrate blast kwakagadzirwa. Matura eantimony ore eChina uye kugadzirwa kwacho kuri pekutanga pasi rose, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kugadzirwa kwesimbi yakachena kwazvo bismuth (kusanganisira 99.999%) uye chena yepamusoro-soro, zvichimiririra nhanho yepamusoro yekugadzira pasi rose.
China ndiyo nyika ine matura makuru ezviwanikwa zveplutonium pasi rose, ichitora 52% yehuwandu hwese hwepasi rose. Kune migodhi yeYankuang inozivikanwa 171, inonyanya kupararira muHunan, Guangxi, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou neGansu. Matura ose emapurovhinzi matanhatu atora 87.2% yezviwanikwa zvose zvakaonekwa. Dunhu rine matura makuru ezviwanikwa zve锑 ndiro Hunan. Guta remvura inotonhora redunhu iri ndiro mugodhi mukuru weantimony pasi rose, uchitora chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chezvinowanikwa pagore munyika.
Chiwanikwa ichi cheUnited States chinovimba zvakanyanya nezvinhu zvinotengeswa neChina uye chinokosha kupfuura zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki. Zvinonzi 60% yeYankuang inotengwa kubva kuUnited States inobva kuChina. Sezvo chinzvimbo cheChina munyika dzepasi rose chiri kuramba chichikwira, tava nekodzero yekutaura zvishoma nezvishoma. Muna 2002, China yakaronga kushandisa hurongwa hwekutenga zvinhu zveYankuang kunze kwenyika, uye kubata zviwanikwa zvayo nemavoko ayo. Mu, kusimudzira tsvakurudzo nekusimudzira nyika yavo.
Chechitatu, bentonite
Bentonite ipfuma yemineral isingashandisi simbi, inonyanya kuumbwa nemontmorillonite ine chimiro chakaiswa layer. Nekuti bentonite ine zvinhu zvakanaka zvakaita sekuzvimba, adsorption, suspension, dispersibility, ion exchange, stability, thixotropy, nezvimwewo, ine mashandisirwo anopfuura chiuru, saka ine zita rekuti "universal clay"; inogona kugadzirwa kuita Adhesives, suspending agents, thixotropic agents, catalysts, clarifiers, adsorbents, chemical carriers, nezvimwewo zvinoshandiswa muminda yakasiyana-siyana uye zvinozivikanwa se "universal materials".
Zviwanikwa zvebentonite zveChina zvakapfuma zvikuru, zvichifungidzirwa kuti zvichave nematani anopfuura mabhiriyoni manomwe. Zvinowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzebentonite dzine calcium-based bentonites nesodium-based bentonites, pamwe nehydrogen-based, aluminium-based, soda-calcium-based uye unclassified bentonites. Matura e sodium bentonite anosvika mamiriyoni 586.334 ematani, zvichiita 24% yezvese zvakachengetwa; matura e sodium bentonite anosvika mamiriyoni 351.586 ematani; mhando dzealuminium nehydrogen kunze kwecalcium nesodium bentonite dzinosvika 42%.
Chechina, titanium
Panyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa, fungidziro dzinoratidza kuti zviwanikwa zve ilmenite ne rutile pasi rose zvinodarika matani mabhiriyoni maviri, uye zviwanikwa zvinokwanisa kushandiswa muhupfumi zvinosvika matani mamiriyoni mazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe. Pakati pezviwanikwa zve titanium zvakachengetwa pasi rose, ilmenite inokwana 94%, uye zvimwe zvese i rutile. China ndiyo nyika ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda zve ilmenite, ine zviwanikwa zve matani mamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi maviri, zvichiita 28.6% yezviwanikwa zvepasi rose. Australia, India neSouth Africa dziri panhamba yechipiri kubva pachina. Panyaya yekugadzirwa, zviwanikwa zvina zvepamusoro zve titanium ore pasi rose muna 2016 zvaive South Africa, China, Australia neMozambique.
Kugoverwa kwezvicherwa zve titanium ore pasi rose muna 2016
Matombo etitanium ekuChina anopararira mumatunhu anopfuura gumi nenzvimbo dzinozvitonga. Matombo etitanium anonyanya kuwanikwa mumatombo etitanium, rutile ore uye ilmenite muvanadium-titanium magnetite. Matombo etitanium muvanadium-titanium magnetite anonyanya kugadzirwa munzvimbo yePanzhihua yeSichuan. Migodhi yeRutile inonyanya kugadzirwa muHubei, Henan, Shanxi nedzimwe nzvimbo. Matombo eIlmenite anonyanya kugadzirwa muHainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi nedzimwe nzvimbo (nzvimbo). Matongo eTiO2 eilmenite anosvika mamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu nemanomwe ematani, ari pekutanga pasi rose.
Zvishanu, matombo evhu asingawanzoonekwi
China inyika yakakura ine zviwanikwa zvenyika isingawanzoonekwi. Haingopfumi chete muzviwanikwa zvayo, asiwo ine zvakanakira zvicherwa zvakakwana nezvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi, mazinga epamusoro enyika isingawanzoonekwi uye kugoverwa kwematombo ane ngura, zvichiisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekusimudzira indasitiri yenyika isingawanzoonekwi muChina.
Zvicherwa zvikuru zvepasi zvisingawanikwe muChina zvinosanganisira: Baiyun Ebo rare earth mine, Shandong Weishan rare earth mine, Suining rare earth mine, Jiangxi weathering shell leaching type rare earth mine, Hunan brown trout mine uye coastal sand mine iri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa refu.
Ore yeBaiyun Obo isingawanzoonekwi inoenderana nesimbi. Zvicherwa zvikuru zvenyika isingawanzoonekwi ifluorocarbon antimony ore nemonazite. Chiyero ichi i3:1, iyo yasvika padanho rekuti idzoke kubva kunyika isingawanzoonekwi. Nokudaro, inonzi mixed ore. Iyo yose REO yenyika isingawanzoonekwi imamiriyoni makumi matatu nemashanu ematani, zvichiita matani angangoita mamiriyoni makumi matatu nemashanu. 38% yenzvimbo dzakachengetwa pasi rose ndiyo migodhi mikuru yepasi isingawanzoonekwi.
Matombo eWeishan anowanikwa mumhando yerare earth ore neSuining anowanikwa mumhando yebastnasite ore, pamwe chete nebarite, nezvimwewo, uye zviri nyore kusarudza matombo erare earth ore.
Jiangxi weathering crust leaching rare earth ore rudzi rutsva rwerare earth mineral. Kunyungudutsa nekunyungudutsa kwayo kuri nyore, uye ine rare earths yepakati nepakati neinorema. Imhando yerare earth ore ine makwikwi pamusika.
Jecha remumahombekombe eChina rakapfumawo zvikuru. Mahombekombe eSouth China Sea nemahombekombe eHainan Island neTaiwan Island anogona kunzi mahombekombe egoridhe ejecha remumahombekombe. Kune majecha ejecha emazuva ano uye migodhi yekare yejecha, iyo monazite nexenotime zvinogadziriswa. Jecha remumahombekombe egungwa rinotorwa sechigadzirwa kana richiwana ilmenite ne zircon.
Kunyangwe zviwanikwa zvezvicherwa zveChina zvakapfuma zvikuru, asi vanhu ndivo 58% yevanhu pasi rose vane pfuma, vari pachinzvimbo chechi53 pasi rose. Uye hunhu hwezviwanikwa zveChina hwakaderera uye hwakaoma kuchera, hwakaoma kusarudza, hwakaoma kuchera. Mazhinji emadhaka ane bauxite yakavimbiswa nezvimwe zvicherwa zvikuru haana kunaka. Pamusoro pezvo, zvicherwa zvepamusoro zvakaita setungsten ore zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye mazhinji acho anoshandiswa kutengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvichikonzera mitengo yakaderera yezvicherwa uye kutambisa zviwanikwa. Zvakakosha kuwedzera kuedza kugadzirisa, kuchengetedza zviwanikwa, kuona kuti budiriro iri kuenderera mberi, uye kusimbisa izwi repasi rose muzviwanikwa zvezvicherwa zvine simba. Chitubu: Mining Exchange
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-11-2019