Ngwaọrụ Semiconductor bụ isi ihe dị mkpa n'ime akụrụngwa igwe mmepụta ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na kọmputa, ngwa eletrọnịkị ndị ahịa, nkwukọrịta netwọk, ngwa eletrọnịkị ụgbọala, na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke isi ihe ahụ. Ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor nwere ihe anọ dị mkpa: sekit agbakwunyere, ngwaọrụ optoelectronic, ngwaọrụ dị iche iche, ihe mmetụta, nke na-aza ihe karịrị 80% nke sekit agbakwunyere, ya mere, ọ na-abụkarị semiconductor na sekit agbakwunyere.
Dịka ụdị ngwaahịa si dị, a na-ekewa sekit ejikọtara n'ime ụdị anọ: microprocessor, ebe nchekwa, ngwaọrụ echiche, akụkụ simulator. Agbanyeghị, site na mmụba na-aga n'ihu nke mpaghara ngwa nke ngwaọrụ semiconductor, ọtụtụ oge pụrụ iche chọrọ ka semiconductor nwee ike ịgbaso ojiji nke okpomọkụ dị elu, radieshon siri ike, ike dị elu na gburugburu ebe ndị ọzọ, anaghị emebi emebi, ọgbọ nke mbụ na nke abụọ nke ihe semiconductor enweghị ike, yabụ ọgbọ nke atọ nke ihe semiconductor malitere ịdị.
Ugbu a, ihe ndị mejupụtara oghere eriri obosara nke a na-anọchite anya ya bụsilicon carbide(SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), zinc oxide (ZnO), diamond, aluminum nitride (AlN) na-achịkwa ahịa kachasị elu na uru ka ukwuu, nke a na-akpọ ihe semiconductor ọgbọ nke atọ. Ọgbọ nke atọ nke ihe semiconductor nwere obosara oghere band sara mbara, ka elu ubi eletrik na-agbaji, ike okpomọkụ, ọnụego zuru oke eletrọniki na ikike dị elu iguzogide radieshon, dabara adaba maka ime okpomọkụ dị elu, ugboro ugboro dị elu, iguzogide radieshon na ngwaọrụ ike dị elu, nke a na-akpọkarị ihe semiconductor bandgap sara mbara (obosara band amachibidoro karịrị 2.2 eV), nke a na-akpọkwa okpomọkụ dị elu ihe semiconductor. Site na nyocha ugbu a na ihe semiconductor ọgbọ nke atọ na ngwaọrụ, ihe semiconductor silicon carbide na gallium nitride semiconductor na-eto eto karịa, nateknụzụ silicon carbidebụ nke kacha etozu oke, ebe nnyocha gbasara zinc oxide, diamond, aluminum nitride na ihe ndị ọzọ ka dị na mbido.
Ihe na Njirimara ha:
Silicon carbideA na-ejikarị ihe a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na seramiiki bọọlụ bearings, valvụ, ihe semiconductor, gyros, ngwa nha, aerospace na ubi ndị ọzọ, aghọọla ihe a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe n'ọtụtụ ebe ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
SiC bụ ụdị superlattice eke na ụdị polytype a na-ahụkarị. E nwere ihe karịrị ezinụlọ polytypic homotypic 200 (a maara ugbu a) n'ihi ọdịiche dị na usoro ngwugwu dị n'etiti oyi akwa diatomic Si na C, nke na-eduga na nhazi kristal dị iche iche. Ya mere, SiC dabara nke ọma maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ihe mejupụtara diode na-ewepụta ìhè (LED), ihe eletrọniki dị elu.
| njirimara | |
| ihe onwunwe anụ ahụ | Ike siri ike (3000kg/mm), enwere ike ịkpụ ruby |
| Nguzogide iyi dị elu, nke abụọ naanị na diamond | |
| Ọkwa okpomọkụ dị okpukpu atọ karịa nke Si na okpukpu asatọ ruo iri karịa nke GaA. | |
| Nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ nke SiC dị elu ma ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịgbaze na nrụgide ikuku | |
| Ezigbo arụmọrụ mkpofu okpomọkụ dị oke mkpa maka ngwaọrụ nwere ike dị elu | |
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ihe onwunwe kemịkalụ | Ike siri ike nke na-eguzogide nchara, na-eguzogide ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla a maara maka ire ere n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ụlọ |
| Elu SiC na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịgbaze iji mepụta SiO2, oyi akwa dị gịrịgịrị, nwere ike igbochi mgbanyụ ọkụ ya ọzọ, na N'elu okpomọkụ 1700 ℃, ihe nkiri oxide ahụ na-agbaze ma na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ ngwa ngwa | |
| Ndakọrịta nke 4H-SIC na 6H-SIC dị ihe dị ka ugboro atọ nke Si na ugboro abụọ nke GaAs: Ike ọkụ eletrik nke mgbawa dị elu karịa Si, ọsọ ntụgharị elektrọn juputara na ya Ugboro abụọ na ọkara nke Si. Oghere band nke 4H-SIC sara mbara karịa nke 6H-SIC |
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-01-2022