Ngwaọrụ Semiconductor bụ isi nke akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, nke a na-ejikarị na kọmpụta, ngwa elektrọnik ndị ahịa, nkwukọrịta netwọkụ, igwe elektrọnik, na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke isi, ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor bụ nke mejupụtara ihe anọ bụ isi: sekit agbakwunyere, ngwaọrụ optoelectronic, ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche, ihe mmetụta, nke na-akpata ihe karịrị 80% nke sekit agbakwunyere na sekit agbakwunyere, yabụ mgbe niile na semiconductor.
Integrated sekit, dị ka ngwaahịa udi bụ tumadi kewara ụzọ anọ: microprocessor, ebe nchekwa, mgbagha ngwaọrụ, simulator akụkụ. Otú ọ dị, na mgbasawanye na-aga n'ihu nke ngwa ngwa nke ngwaọrụ semiconductor, ọtụtụ oge pụrụ iche chọrọ semiconductor ka ha nwee ike ịkwado iji okpomọkụ dị elu, radieshon siri ike, ike dị elu na gburugburu ebe ndị ọzọ, adịghị emebi emebi, ọgbọ mbụ na nke abụọ nke semiconductor ihe adịghị ike, ya mere ọgbọ nke atọ nke semiconductor ihe bịara.
Ugbu a, obosara gbalaga ọdịiche semiconductor ihe na-anọchi anya yasilicon carbide(SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), zinc oxide (ZnO), diamond, aluminom nitride (AlN) na-eji uru dị ukwuu na ahịa ahịa, nke a na-akpọkọta ọnụ dị ka ihe semiconductor ọgbọ nke atọ. Ọgbọ nke atọ nke semiconductor ihe na a wider band ọdịiche obosara, na elu mmebi eletriki ubi, thermal conductivity, electronic jupụta ọnụego na elu ike iguzogide radieshon, ọzọ adabara na-eme elu okpomọkụ, elu ugboro, iguzogide radieshon na elu ike ngwaọrụ, a na-akpọkarị bandgap semiconductor ihe (machibidoro iwu band obosara bụ karịa 2.2 eV), na-akpọkwa okpomọkụ ihe semiconductor. Site na nyocha ugbu a na ihe na ngwaọrụ semiconductor ọgbọ nke atọ, silicon carbide na gallium nitride semiconductor ihe tozuru oke, yanateknụzụ silicon carbidebụ nke kachasị tozuru okè, ebe nyocha na zinc oxide, diamond, aluminum nitride na ihe ndị ọzọ ka dị na mmalite mbụ.
Akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa ha:
Silicon carbideA na-ejikarị ihe eji eme ihe na seramiiki bọọlụ, valvụ, ihe semiconductor, gyros, ihe atụ, ikuku ikuku na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, aghọwo ihe a na-apụghị dochie anya n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
SiC bụ ụdị nke superlatice eke na ụdị polytype a na-ahụkarị. Enwere ihe karịrị 200 (nke a maara ugbu a) ezinụlọ polytypic homotypic n'ihi ọdịiche dị n'usoro nchịkọta dị n'etiti Si na C diatomic layers, nke na-eduga n'ụdị kristal dị iche iche. Ya mere, SiC dị nnọọ mma maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ìhè emitting diode (LED) substrate material, ike eletriki ihe dị elu.
| njirimara | |
| ihe onwunwe | Isi ike dị elu (3000kg / mm), nwere ike belata ruby |
| Nguzogide iyi dị elu, nke abụọ na diamond | |
| Thermal conductivity bụ 3 ugboro elu karịa nke Si na 8 ~ 10 ugboro elu karịa nke GaAs. | |
| Nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ nke SiC dị elu ma ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịgbaze na nrụgide ikuku | |
| Ịrụ ọrụ nkwụsị ọkụ dị mma dị ezigbo mkpa maka ngwaọrụ ndị dị elu | |
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ihe onwunwe kemịkalụ | Nguzogide corrosion siri ike nke ukwuu, na-eguzogide ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye ọ bụla na-emebi emebi mara na ụlọ okpomọkụ |
| SiC elu na-adị mfe oxidizes ka ọ bụrụ SiO, oyi akwa dị mkpa, nwere ike igbochi oxidation ya ọzọ, na N'elu 1700 ℃, ihe nkiri oxide na-agbaze na oxidizes ngwa ngwa | |
| Ihe mgbochi nke 4H-SIC na 6H-SIC bụ ihe dị ka ugboro atọ nke Si na ugboro abụọ nke GaAs: Mgbasa ọkụ eletrik dị elu bụ usoro dị elu karịa Si, yana ngwa ngwa mkpagharị eletrọn juputara. Ugboro abụọ na ọkara nke Si. Oghere nke 4H-SIC dị obosara karịa nke 6H-SIC |
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-01-2022