Chipangizo cha semiconductor ndiye maziko a zida zamakono zamafakitale, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakompyuta, zamagetsi, kulumikizana ndi maukonde, zamagetsi zamagalimoto, ndi madera ena apakati, makampani opanga ma semiconductor amapangidwa makamaka ndi zigawo zinayi zazikulu: ma circuit ophatikizika, zida zamagetsi, chipangizo chosiyana, sensa, yomwe imapanga ma circuit ophatikizika opitilira 80%, nthawi zambiri ndi ma semiconductor ndi ma circuit ophatikizika ofanana.
Dongosolo lolumikizidwa, malinga ndi gulu la malonda, limagawidwa m'magulu anayi: microprocessor, memory, logic devices, ndi simulator. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukula kosalekeza kwa gawo logwiritsira ntchito zida za semiconductor, nthawi zambiri zapadera zimafuna kuti ma semiconductors athe kutsatira kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, kuwala kwamphamvu, mphamvu yayikulu ndi malo ena, osawononga, m'badwo woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa zida za semiconductor ndi wopanda mphamvu, kotero m'badwo wachitatu wa zida za semiconductor unayamba.
Pakadali pano, zipangizo za semiconductor za gulu lalikulu zikuyimiridwa ndikabide ya silikoni(SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), zinc oxide (ZnO), diamondi, aluminium nitride (AlN) zili pamsika waukulu ndi maubwino ambiri, onse pamodzi amatchedwa zipangizo za semiconductor za m'badwo wachitatu. M'badwo wachitatu wa zipangizo za semiconductor zokhala ndi m'lifupi mwa band gap, mphamvu yamagetsi yosweka imakhala yokwera, kutentha kumakwera, mphamvu yamagetsi yodzaza ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso mphamvu yolimbana ndi ma radiation, zomwe zimakhala zoyenera kwambiri popanga kutentha kwambiri, ma frequency ambiri, kukana ma radiation ndi zida zamagetsi zambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti zida za semiconductor za wide bandgap (m'lifupi mwa band yoletsedwa ndi yayikulu kuposa 2.2 eV), zomwe zimatchedwanso kutentha kwambiri ngati zipangizo za semiconductor. Kuchokera ku kafukufuku waposachedwa pa zipangizo ndi zipangizo za semiconductor za m'badwo wachitatu, silicon carbide ndi gallium nitride semiconductor zipangizo ndi okhwima kwambiri, ndipoukadaulo wa silicon carbidendi yokhwima kwambiri, pomwe kafukufuku wa zinc oxide, diamondi, aluminiyamu nitride ndi zinthu zina akadali mu gawo loyambirira.
Zipangizo ndi Katundu wawo:
Silikoni kabideZipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mabearing a ceramic ball, ma valve, zipangizo za semiconductor, ma gyros, zida zoyezera, ndege ndi zina, zakhala zinthu zosasinthika m'magawo ambiri amafakitale.
SiC ndi mtundu wa superlattice yachilengedwe komanso polytype yofanana. Pali mabanja oposa 200 (omwe amadziwika pano) a homotypic polytypic chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kulongedza pakati pa zigawo za Si ndi C diatomic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a kristalo. Chifukwa chake, SiC ndi yoyenera kwambiri m'badwo watsopano wa zinthu zopepuka zotulutsa kuwala (LED), zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri.
| khalidwe | |
| katundu weniweni | Kulimba kwambiri (3000kg/mm), kumatha kudula rubi |
| Kukana kuvala kwambiri, chachiwiri pambuyo pa diamondi | |
| Mphamvu ya kutentha ndi yokwera katatu kuposa ya Si ndipo nthawi 8 ~ 10 kuposa ya GaAs. | |
| Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa SiC kuli kwakukulu ndipo n'zosatheka kusungunuka ndi mphamvu ya mlengalenga | |
| Kugwira bwino ntchito yoyeretsa kutentha n'kofunika kwambiri pa zipangizo zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri | |
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katundu wa mankhwala | Kukana dzimbiri mwamphamvu kwambiri, kukana pafupifupi chilichonse chodziwika bwino chomwe chimawononga kutentha kwa chipinda |
| SiC pamwamba pake imasungunuka mosavuta kuti ipange SiO2, wosanjikiza woonda, womwe ungalepheretse kusungunuka kwake kwina, mu Kupitirira 1700℃, filimu ya oxide imasungunuka ndikusungunuka mwachangu | |
| Kusiyana kwa 4H-SIC ndi 6H-SIC kuli pafupifupi katatu kuposa Si ndi kawiri kuposa GaAs: Mphamvu ya magetsi yomwe imaphwanyika ndi yayikulu kuposa Si, ndipo liwiro la ma elekitironi limadzaza. Kuposa Si kawiri ndi theka. Mpata wa 4H-SIC ndi waukulu kuposa wa 6H-SIC |
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-01-2022