Igikoresho cya semiconductor ni cyo gikoresho cy’ingenzi cy’ibikoresho bigezweho by’imashini, gikoreshwa cyane muri mudasobwa, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n’abaguzi, itumanaho ry’umuyoboro, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoresha imodoka, n’ibindi bice by’ingenzi, inganda za semiconductor zigizwe ahanini n’ibice bine by’ibanze: amashami ahuza imiyoboro, ibikoresho bya optoelectronic, igikoresho cya discrete, sensor, igizwe na arenga 80% by’amashami ahuza imiyoboro, akenshi na semiconductor na amashami ahuza imiyoboro.
Urusobe rw’amashanyarazi rugizwe ahanini n’ibyiciro bine: microprocessor, memory, logique devices, na simulator parts. Ariko, hamwe no kwaguka guhoraho kw’urwego rw’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bya semiconductor, ibihe byinshi byihariye bisaba semiconductors kubasha gukurikiza ikoreshwa ry’ubushyuhe bwinshi, imirasire ikomeye, ingufu nyinshi n’ibindi bidukikije, ntibingirize, ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu cyiciro cya mbere n’icya kabiri nta mbaraga bifite, bityo ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu cyiciro cya gatatu byabayeho.
Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bya semiconductor bifite icyuho kinini bigaragazwa nakarubide ya silikoni(SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), zinc oxide (ZnO), diyama, aluminiyumu nitride (AlN) biri ku isoko rikomeye rifite inyungu nyinshi, hamwe na hamwe byitwa ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya gatatu. Ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya gatatu bifite ubugari bwagutse bw'umugozi, uko ingufu z'amashanyarazi zigabanuka, amashanyarazi atwara, ikoranabuhanga ryuzuye kandi rikagira ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imirasire, birushaho kuba byiza mu gukora ubushyuhe bwinshi, frequency nyinshi, kurwanya imirasire n'ibikoresho by'ingufu nyinshi, ubusanzwe bizwi nka ibikoresho bya semiconductor bya bandgap biremereye (ubugari bwa band bubujijwe burenga 2.2 eV), nanone byitwa ubushyuhe bwinshi ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi buriho ku bikoresho bya semiconductor byo mu gisekuru cya gatatu, ibikoresho bya semiconductor bya silicon carbide na gallium nitride birakuze cyane, kandiikoranabuhanga rya karubide ya silikoniniyo imaze igihe kinini, mu gihe ubushakashatsi kuri zinc oxide, diyama, aluminiyumu nitride n'ibindi bikoresho bukiri mu cyiciro cya mbere.
Ibikoresho n'Imiterere yabyo:
Karubide ya silikoniIbikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu byuma bipima umupira bya ceramic, valves, semiconductor materials, gyros, ibyuma bipima, indege n'ibindi, byahindutse ibikoresho bidasimburwa mu nganda nyinshi.
SiC ni ubwoko bwa superlattice karemano kandi isanzwe ifite ubwoko bwa polytype bungana. Hariho imiryango irenga 200 (ubu izwi) ya polytypic bitewe n'itandukaniro mu gupakira hagati y'ibice bya diatome bya Si na C, bigatuma habaho imiterere itandukanye ya kristu. Kubwibyo, SiC ikwiriye cyane ibikoresho bishya bya diode isohora urumuri (LED), ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bifite ingufu nyinshi.
| ibiranga | |
| umutungo ufatika | Ubukomere bwinshi (3000kg/mm), bushobora gukata rubi |
| Ubudahangarwa bwinshi bwo kwangirika, bwa kabiri nyuma ya diyama | |
| Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe buri hejuru y’ubwa Si inshuro 3 n’uburenzeho inshuro 8 ~ 10 ugereranyije n’ubwa GaAs. | |
| Ubushyuhe bwa SiC buri hejuru kandi ntibishoboka gushonga ku muvuduko w'ikirere | |
| Imikorere myiza yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane ku bikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi | |
|
imiterere y'ibinyabutabire | Irwanya cyane ingese, irwanya hafi ikintu cyose kizwi cyangiza ibintu ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba |
| Ubuso bwa SiC buroroha gukora SiO2, urwego ruto, rushobora gukumira ko ikomeza kwiyongera, muri Hejuru y'ubushyuhe bwa 1700℃, firime ya okiside irashonga kandi ikongera ogisijeni vuba | |
| Icyuho cya 4H-SIC na 6H-SIC kingana n'inshuro 3 z'icyuho cya Si n'inshuro 2 z'icyuho cya GaAs: Ubukana bw'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gucikagurika buri hejuru cyane kurusha Si, kandi umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi urimo kwiyongera cyane Inshuro ebyiri n'igice za Si. Icyuho cya 4H-SIC ni kinini kurusha icya 6H-SIC |
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2022