Chidziwitso cha Mkonzi: Ukadaulo wamagetsi ndiye tsogolo la dziko lobiriwira, ndipo ukadaulo wa batri ndiye maziko a ukadaulo wamagetsi komanso chinsinsi choletsa chitukuko chachikulu cha ukadaulo wamagetsi. Ukadaulo wa batri womwe ulipo pano ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Komabe, lithiamu ndi chinthu chosowa kwambiri chomwe chili ndi mtengo wokwera komanso zinthu zochepa. Nthawi yomweyo, pamene kugwiritsa ntchito magwero amagetsi obwezerezedwanso kukukula, mphamvu ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion sikokwanira. Kodi mungayankhe bwanji? Mayank Jain wafufuza za ukadaulo wina wa batri womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo. Nkhani yoyambirira idasindikizidwa pa sing'anga yokhala ndi mutu wakuti: Tsogolo la Ukadaulo wa Batri
Dziko lapansi lili ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo tikuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tigwire ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu imeneyo. Ngakhale kuti tachita bwino kwambiri pakusintha kupita ku mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, sitinapite patsogolo kwambiri pakusunga mphamvu.
Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa batri ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Batire iyi ikuwoneka kuti ili ndi mphamvu zambiri, imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri (pafupifupi 99%), komanso imakhala nthawi yayitali.
Ndiye vuto ndi chiyani? Pamene mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zomwe timagwira zikupitirira kukula, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu za mabatire a lithiamu-ion sikukwaniranso.
Popeza tingapitirize kupanga mabatire m'magulu, izi sizikuwoneka ngati nkhani yaikulu, koma vuto ndilakuti lithiamu ndi chitsulo chosowa kwambiri, kotero mtengo wake si wotsika. Ngakhale kuti ndalama zopangira mabatire zikutsika, kufunikira kosungira mphamvu kukuwonjezekanso mofulumira.
Tafika poti batire ya lithiamu ion ikapangidwa, idzakhudza kwambiri makampani opanga mphamvu.
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamafuta ndi zoona, ndipo ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimalepheretsa kusintha kwa kudalira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Tikufunika mabatire omwe amatulutsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa kulemera kwathu.
Momwe mabatire a lithiamu-ion amagwirira ntchito
Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka mabatire a lithiamu ndi kofanana ndi mabatire wamba a mankhwala a AA kapena AAA. Ali ndi ma terminal a anode ndi cathode, komanso electrolyte pakati. Mosiyana ndi mabatire wamba, kutulutsa kwamadzi mu batire ya lithiamu-ion kumatha kusinthidwa, kotero batire imatha kubwezeretsedwanso mobwerezabwereza.
Cathode (+ terminal) imapangidwa ndi lithiamu iron phosphate, anode (-terminal) imapangidwa ndi graphite, ndipo graphite imapangidwa ndi kaboni. Magetsi ndi kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi. Mabatire awa amapanga magetsi posuntha ma ayoni a lithiamu pakati pa anode ndi cathode.
Ma ion akamayikidwa mphamvu, amasunthira ku anode, ndipo akatulutsidwa, ma ion amathamangira ku cathode.
Kusuntha kwa ma ayoni kumeneku kumayambitsa kuyenda kwa ma elekitironi mu dera, kotero kuyenda kwa lithiamu ion ndi kuyenda kwa ma elekitironi zimagwirizana.
Batire ya silicon anode
Makampani ambiri akuluakulu a magalimoto monga BMW akhala akuyika ndalama popanga mabatire a silicon anode. Monga mabatire wamba a lithiamu-ion, mabatire awa amagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu anode, koma m'malo mwa anode zochokera ku kaboni, amagwiritsa ntchito silicon.
Monga anode, silicon ndi yabwino kuposa graphite chifukwa imafuna maatomu anayi a kaboni kuti igwire lithiamu, ndipo atomu imodzi ya silicon imatha kusunga ma ayoni anayi a lithiamu. Uku ndi kusintha kwakukulu ... zomwe zimapangitsa silicon kukhala yamphamvu katatu kuposa graphite.
Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito lithiamu kudakali lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. Zipangizozi zikadali zodula, komanso n'zosavuta kusamutsa malo opangira zinthu ku maselo a silicon. Ngati mabatire ali osiyana kotheratu, fakitaleyo iyenera kukonzedwanso kwathunthu, zomwe zipangitsa kuti kukongola kwa kusinthaku kuchepe pang'ono.
Ma anode a silicon amapangidwa pokonza mchenga kuti apange silicon yeniyeni, koma vuto lalikulu lomwe ofufuza akukumana nalo pakadali pano ndilakuti ma anode a silicon amatupa akagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zingayambitse kuti batri iwonongeke mwachangu kwambiri. N'kovutanso kupanga ma anode ambiri.
Batri ya Graphene
Graphene ndi mtundu wa carbon flake womwe umagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwezo monga pensulo, koma zimatengera nthawi yambiri kulumikiza graphite ku flakes. Graphene imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri, ndipo mabatire ndi amodzi mwa iwo.
Makampani ena akugwira ntchito pa mabatire a graphene omwe amatha kuchajidwa mokwanira mumphindi zochepa ndikutulutsa mphamvu mwachangu nthawi 33 kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Izi ndizofunika kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi.
Batire ya thovu
Pakadali pano, mabatire achikhalidwe ali ndi mawonekedwe awiri. Amayikidwa m'magulu ngati batire ya lithiamu kapena kukulungidwa ngati batire wamba wa AA kapena lithiamu-ion.
Batire ya thovu ndi lingaliro latsopano lomwe limaphatikizapo kuyenda kwa magetsi mu malo a 3D.
Kapangidwe kameneka ka miyeso itatu kamatha kufulumizitsa nthawi yochaja ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa batri. Poyerekeza ndi mabatire ena ambiri, mabatire a thovu alibe ma electrolyte amadzimadzi owopsa.
Mabatire a thovu amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte olimba m'malo mwa ma electrolyte amadzimadzi. Electrolyte iyi sikuti imangoyendetsa ma lithiamu ion okha, komanso imateteza zida zina zamagetsi.
Anode yomwe imasunga mphamvu yoipa ya batri imapangidwa ndi mkuwa wopangidwa ndi thovu ndipo imakutidwa ndi zinthu zofunikira.
Kenako electrolyte yolimba imayikidwa mozungulira anode.
Pomaliza, chinthu chotchedwa "positive paste" chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza mipata mkati mwa batri.
Batri ya Aluminiyamu Oxide
Mabatire awa ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa mabatire ena onse. Mphamvu zake ndi zamphamvu komanso zopepuka kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe alipo pano. Anthu ena amanena kuti mabatirewa amatha kupereka magalimoto amagetsi okwana makilomita 2,000. Kodi lingaliro ili ndi lotani? Mwachitsanzo, Tesla imatha kuyenda makilomita 600.
Vuto ndi mabatire awa ndilakuti sangachajidwe. Amapanga aluminiyamu hydroxide ndipo amatulutsa mphamvu kudzera mu reaction ya aluminiyamu ndi mpweya mu electrolyte yochokera m'madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire kumagwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu ngati anode.
Batri ya sodium
Pakadali pano, asayansi aku Japan akugwira ntchito yopanga mabatire omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium m'malo mwa lithiamu.
Izi zingakhale zosokoneza, chifukwa mabatire a sodium mwachiganizo ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuwirikiza ka 7 kuposa mabatire a lithiamu. Ubwino wina waukulu ndi wakuti sodium ndi chinthu chachisanu ndi chimodzi cholemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, poyerekeza ndi lithiamu, yomwe ndi chinthu chosowa kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-02-2019