Tuhipoka a te ētita: Ko te hangarau hiko te heke mai o te ao matomato, ā, ko te hangarau pākahiko te tūāpapa o te hangarau hiko, me te kī ki te whakawhāiti i te whanaketanga nui o te hangarau hiko. Ko te hangarau pākahiko matua o nāianei ko ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, he pai te kaha o te pūngao me te tino whai hua. Heoi, he huānga onge te lithium, he nui te utu me te iti o ngā rauemi. I taua wā anō, i te tipu haere o te whakamahinga o ngā pūtake pūngao hou, kāore e ranea te kaha o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. me pēhea te urupare? Kua arotakehia e Mayank Jain ētahi hangarau pākahiko ka whakamahia pea ā muri ake nei. I whakaputaina te tuhinga taketake ki te pāpāho me te taitara: Te Amua o te Hangarau Pūhiko
Kī tonu te whenua i te pūngao, ā, kei te whakapau kaha tātou ki te hopu me te whakamahi pai i taua pūngao. Ahakoa kua pai ake tā tātou mahi i roto i te whakawhiti ki te pūngao hou, kāore anō kia nui te ahunga whakamua i roto i te penapena pūngao.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā pākahiko lithium-ion te paerewa teitei rawa atu o te hangarau pākahiko. Ko te āhua nei ko tēnei pākahiko te mea tino pai rawa atu te kaha, te tino pai o te mahi (tata ki te 99%), me te roa o te ora.
Nā, he aha te hē? I te mea kei te piki haere tonu te kaha whakahou e kohia ana e tātou, kāore e ranea te mātotoru o te kaha o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion.
I te mea ka taea tonu e tātou te whakaputa pākahiko i roto i ngā puranga, kāore tēnei i te ahua he raruraru nui, engari ko te raruraru he konganuku onge te lithium, nō reira kāore i te iti te utu. Ahakoa kei te heke ngā utu hanga pākahiko, kei te tere piki haere hoki te hiahia mō te rokiroki pūngao.
Kua tae tātou ki tētahi wāhi ka nui te pānga ki te umanga pūngao ina oti te hanga te pākahiko lithium ion.
He mea pono te nui ake o te pūngao o ngā wahie pūmua, ā, he mea nui tēnei e ārai ana i te whakawhiti ki te whakawhirinaki katoa ki te pūngao hou. Me hiahia tātou ki ngā pākahiko e tuku ana i te pūngao nui atu i tō tātou taumaha.
Te mahi a ngā pākahiko lithium-ion
He rite te tikanga mahi a ngā pākahiko lithium ki ngā pākahiko matū AA, AAA rānei noa. He pito anode me te cathode ō rātou, ā, he electrolyte kei waenganui. Kāore i rite ki ngā pākahiko noa, ka taea te huri i te tauhohenga tukunga i roto i te pākahiko lithium-ion, nō reira ka taea te whakahou anō i te pākahiko.
Ko te katote (+ pito) he mea hanga ki te phosphate rino lithium, ko te anode (-pito) he mea hanga ki te karāpiti, ā, ko te karāpiti he mea hanga ki te waro. Ko te hiko he rere noa iho o ngā irahiko. Ka whakaputahia e ēnei pākahiko te hiko mā te neke i ngā katote lithium i waenga i te anode me te karāpiti.
Ina utua, ka neke ngā iona ki te anode, ā, ina tukuna, ka rere ngā iona ki te cathode.
Nā tēnei nekehanga o ngā katote ka puta te nekehanga o ngā irahiko i roto i te ara iahiko, nō reira he hononga tō te nekehanga o te katote lithium me te nekehanga o ngā irahiko.
Pūhiko anode silicon
He maha ngā kamupene motuka nunui pērā i a BMW kua haumi ki te whakawhanake i ngā pākahiko anode silicon. Pērā i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion noa, ka whakamahia e ēnei pākahiko ngā anode lithium, engari hei utu mō ngā anode waro, ka whakamahia te silicon.
Hei anode, he pai ake te silicon i te graphite nā te mea e hiahiatia ana e ia ngā ngota waro e 4 hei pupuri i te lithium, ā, ka taea e te ngota silicon kotahi te pupuri i ngā ion lithium e 4. He whakahoutanga nui tēnei … e toru ngā wā e kaha ake ai te silicon i te graphite.
Ahakoa rā, he hoari mata rua tonu te whakamahinga o te lithium. He utu nui tonu tēnei rauemi, engari he māmā ake hoki te whakawhiti i ngā whare hanga ki ngā pūtau silicon. Mena he rerekē rawa ngā pākahiko, me hanga hou te wheketere, ā, ka iti ake te ataahua o te whakawhiti.
Ka hangaia ngā anode silicon mā te tukatuka i te onepu hei whakaputa i te silicon parakore, engari ko te raruraru nui e pā ana ki ngā kairangahau i tēnei wā ko te pupuhi o ngā anode silicon ina whakamahia. Ka tere rawa te pirau o te pākahiko i tēnei. He uaua hoki te hanga papatipu i ngā anode.
Pūhiko karāpene
He momo maramara waro te graphene e whakamahi ana i te rauemi kotahi me te pene, engari he nui te wā e pau ana ki te whakapiri i te graphite ki ngā maramara. E whakanuia ana te graphene mō tōna mahi tino pai i roto i te maha o ngā whakamahinga, ā, ko ngā pākahiko tētahi o aua mea.
Kei te mahi ētahi kamupene i ngā pākahiko graphene ka taea te utu katoa i roto i ngā meneti, ā, ka 33 ngā wā tere ake te tukunga atu i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. He mea tino nui tēnei mō ngā waka hiko.
Pūhiko pahuka
I nāianei, he rua-ahu ngā pākahiko tuku iho. Ka whakarārangihia kia rite ki te pākahiko lithium, ka takaihia rānei kia rite ki te pākahiko AA, ki te pākahiko lithium-ion rānei.
He ariā hou te pākahiko pahuka e uru ana ki te nekehanga o te utu hiko i te wāhi 3D.
Ka taea e tēnei hanganga-toru-ahu te tere ake i te wā utu me te whakanui ake i te mātotoru o te pūngao, koinei ngā āhuatanga tino nui o te pākahiko. Ki te whakaritea ki te nuinga o ngā pākahiko kē atu, kāore he waikore kino o ngā pākahiko pahuka.
Ka whakamahia e ngā pākahiko pahuka ngā irahiko totoka hei utu mō ngā irahiko wai. Ehara i te mea ka kawe noa tēnei irahiko i ngā katote lithium, engari ka ārai anō hoki i ētahi atu taputapu hiko.
Ko te anode e pupuri ana i te utu kino o te pākahiko he mea hanga ki te parahi pahuka, ā, kua pania ki te rauemi hohe e hiahiatia ana.
Kātahi ka tāpirihia he irahiko totoka ki te taha o te anode.
Hei whakamutunga, ka whakamahia te mea e kīia nei ko te "whakapiri pai" hei whakakī i ngā āputa i roto i te pākahiko.
Pūhiko Waikura Konumohe
Ko ēnei pākahiko tētahi o ngā pākahiko tino nui rawa atu. He kaha ake, he māmā ake hoki tōna kaha i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion o nāianei. E kī ana ētahi ka taea e ēnei pākahiko te whakarato i te 2,000 kiromita o ngā waka hiko. He aha tēnei ariā? Hei tohutoro, ko te whānuitanga tere mōrahi o Tesla he tata ki te 600 kiromita.
Ko te raruraru o ēnei pākahiko, kāore e taea te utu. Ka puta he hauwai konumohe, ā, ka tukuna he pūngao mā te tauhohenga o te konumohe me te hāora i roto i te irahiko wai. Ka pau te konumohe hei anode i te whakamahinga o ngā pākahiko.
Pūhiko konutai
I tēnei wā, kei te mahi ngā kaipūtaiao Hapanihi ki te hanga pākahiko e whakamahi ana i te konutai hei utu mō te lithium.
He raruraru tēnei, nā te mea e whitu ngā wā e nui ake ai te whai huatanga o ngā pākahiko konutai i ngā pākahiko lithium. Ko tētahi atu painga nui ko te konutai te ono o ngā huānga tino nui rawa atu i roto i ngā rahui o te ao, ki te whakaritea ki te lithium, he huānga onge.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-02-2019