Inqaku lomhleli: Itekhnoloji yombane likamva lomhlaba oluhlaza, kwaye itekhnoloji yebhetri sisiseko setekhnoloji yombane kwaye sisitshixo sokuthintela uphuhliso olukhulu lwetekhnoloji yombane. Itekhnoloji yebhetri ephambili yangoku ziibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezinoxinano oluhle lwamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, i-lithium yinto engaqhelekanga eneendleko eziphezulu kunye nezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo. Kwangaxeshanye, njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kukhula, uxinano lwamandla eebhetri ze-lithium-ion alusanele. ungaphendula njani? UMayank Jain uhlolisise ezinye iitekhnoloji zebhetri ezinokusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo. Inqaku lokuqala lapapashwa kwi-medium enesihloko esithi: Ikamva leTekhnoloji yeBhetri
Umhlaba uzele ngamandla, kwaye senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukubamba nokusebenzisa kakuhle loo mandla. Nangona senze umsebenzi ongcono ekutshintsheleni kumandla avuselelekayo, asizange senze nkqubela ingako ekugcineni amandla.
Okwangoku, umgangatho ophezulu wetekhnoloji yebhetri ziibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Le bhetri ibonakala inobunzima obuphezulu bamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle (malunga ne-99%), kwaye iphila ixesha elide.
Yintoni ke engalunganga? Njengoko amandla avuselelekayo esiwabambayo eqhubeka ekhula, uxinano lwamandla eebhetri ze-lithium-ion alusanele.
Ekubeni sinokuqhubeka nokuvelisa iibhetri ngeebhetshi, oku akubonakali ngathi yinto enkulu, kodwa ingxaki kukuba i-lithium yintsimbi enqabileyo, ngoko ke ixabiso layo alikho phantsi. Nangona iindleko zokuvelisa iibhetri zihla, isidingo sokugcina amandla naso sikhula ngokukhawuleza.
Sifikelele kwinqanaba apho xa ibhetri ye-lithium ion yenziwe, iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwishishini lamandla.
Ubuninzi bamandla aphezulu e-fossil fuels buyinyani, kwaye le yinto enkulu enefuthe ethintela utshintsho oluya kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumandla avuselelekayo. Sifuna iibhetri ezikhupha amandla angaphezu kobunzima bethu.
Indlela ezisebenza ngayo iibhetri ze-lithium-ion
Indlela esebenza ngayo iibhetri ze-lithium ifana neebhetri zekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ze-AA okanye ze-AAA. Zinee-anode kunye nee-cathode terminals, kunye ne-electrolyte phakathi kwazo. Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri eziqhelekileyo, impendulo yokukhupha kwibhetri ye-lithium-ion iyakwazi ukutshintshwa, ngoko ke ibhetri inokutshajwa kwakhona ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
I-cathode (+ isiphelo) yenziwe nge-lithium iron phosphate, i-anode (-terminal) yenziwe nge-graphite, kwaye i-graphite yenziwe nge-carbon. Umbane kukuhamba nje kwee-electron. Ezi bhetri zivelisa umbane ngokuhambisa ii-ion ze-lithium phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode.
Xa zitshajiwe, ii-ion ziya kwi-anode, kwaye xa zikhutshwa, ii-ion zibaleka ziye kwi-cathode.
Olu hambo lwee-ion lubangela intshukumo yee-electron kwisekethe, ngoko ke intshukumo ye-lithium ion kunye nentshukumo yee-electron zihambelana.
Ibhetri ye-silicon anode
Iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu zeemoto ezifana neBMW zityale imali ekuphuhlisweni kweebhetri ze-silicon anode. Njengeebhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lithium-ion, ezi bhetri zisebenzisa ii-lithium anode, kodwa endaweni yee-anode ezisekelwe kwikhabhoni, zisebenzisa i-silicon.
Njenge-anode, i-silicon ingcono kune-graphite kuba ifuna ii-athomu zekhabhoni ezi-4 ukuze ibambe i-lithium, kwaye i-athomu ye-silicon e-1 ingabamba ii-ion ze-lithium ezi-4. Olu luphuculo olukhulu ... okwenza i-silicon ibe namandla ngokuphindwe kathathu kune-graphite.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-lithium kuseyikrele elintlangothi-mbini. Le nto isabiza kakhulu, kodwa kulula nokudlulisela izixhobo zemveliso kwiiseli ze-silicon. Ukuba iibhetri zahlukile ngokupheleleyo, umzi-mveliso kuya kufuneka uhlengahlengiswe ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba ukutsala kokutshintsha kunciphe kancinci.
Ii-silicon anode zenziwa ngokucoca isanti ukuze ivelise i-silicon ecocekileyo, kodwa ingxaki enkulu abaphandi abajongene nayo okwangoku kukuba ii-silicon anode ziyadumba xa zisetyenziswa. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ibhetri yonakale ngokukhawuleza. Kunzima nokuvelisa ii-anode ngobuninzi.
Ibhetri yeGraphene
I-Graphene luhlobo lwe-carbon flake esebenzisa izinto ezifanayo nepensile, kodwa kubiza ixesha elininzi ukuncamathisela i-graphite kwii-flakes. I-Graphene iyanconywa ngokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kwiimeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa, kwaye iibhetri zezinye zazo.
Ezinye iinkampani zisebenza kwiibhetri zegraphene ezinokutshajwa ngokupheleleyo ngemizuzu kwaye zikhuphe ngokukhawuleza ngokuphindwe ka-33 kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Oku kuxabiseke kakhulu kwiimoto zombane.
Ibhetri yegwebu
Okwangoku, iibhetri zemveli zinobukhulu obumbini. Zibekwe ndawonye njengebhetri ye-lithium okanye zisongwe njengebhetri eqhelekileyo ye-AA okanye ye-lithium-ion.
Ibhetri yefoam yingcamango entsha equka ukuhamba kwetshaja yombane kwindawo ye-3D.
Olu lwakhiwo lunemilinganiselo emithathu lunokukhawulezisa ixesha lokutshaja kwaye lonyuse uxinano lwamandla, ezi ziimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zebhetri. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iibhetri ezininzi, iibhetri zefoam azinazo ii-electrolytes zolwelo eziyingozi.
Iibhetri zefoam zisebenzisa ii-electrolyte eziqinileyo endaweni yee-electrolyte ezingamanzi. Le electrolyte ayipheleli nje ekuqhubeni ii-ion ze-lithium, kodwa ikwakhusela nezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki.
I-anode ebamba itshaja engalunganga yebhetri yenziwe ngekopolo efakwe igwebu kwaye igqunywe ngezinto ezisebenzayo ezifunekayo.
Emva koko kufakwa i-electrolyte eqinileyo ejikeleze i-anode.
Okokugqibela, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-"positive paste" isetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa izikhewu ngaphakathi kwebhetri.
Ibhetri yeAluminiyam Oxide
Ezi bhetri zinezona bhetri zinamandla amakhulu kunazo naziphi na ezinye. Amandla azo anamandla kwaye alula kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion zangoku. Abanye abantu bathi ezi bhetri zinokubonelela ngezithuthi zombane ezingama-2,000 eekhilomitha. Iyintoni le ngcamango? Njengesalathiso, umgama ophezulu wokuhamba ngenqanawa eTesla ungangeekhilomitha ezingama-600.
Ingxaki ngezi bhetri kukuba azikwazi ukutshajwa. Zivelisa i-aluminium hydroxide kwaye zikhupha amandla ngokusebenzisa i-aluminiyam kunye ne-oksijini kwi-electrolyte esekwe emanzini. Ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri kusebenzisa i-aluminium njenge-anode.
Ibhetri yesodiyam
Okwangoku, izazinzulu zaseJapan zisebenza ekwenzeni iibhetri ezisebenzisa i-sodium endaweni ye-lithium.
Oku kuya kuphazamisa, njengoko iibhetri zesodium ngokwethiyori zisebenza ngcono ngokuphindwe kasixhenxe kuneebhetri zelithium. Enye inzuzo enkulu kukuba isodium yeyona nto yesithandathu ityebileyo kwiindawo ezigciniweyo zomhlaba, xa ithelekiswa nelithium, eyinto enqabileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-02-2019