Chinyorwa cheMupepeti: Tekinoroji yemagetsi ndiyo remangwana renyika yakasvibira, uye tekinoroji yemabhatiri ndiyo hwaro hwetekinoroji yemagetsi uye ndiyo kiyi yekudzora kukura kukuru kwetekinoroji yemagetsi. Tekinoroji yemabhatiri iri kushandiswa pari zvino imabhatiri e-lithium-ion, ane simba rakawanda uye anoshanda zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, lithium chinhu chisingawanzo kuwanikwa chine mari yakawanda uye zviwanikwa zvishoma. Panguva imwe chete, sezvo kushandiswa kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuri kukura, simba remabhatiri e-lithium-ion harichakwani. Ndingapindura sei? Mayank Jain akaongorora mamwe matekinoroji emabhatiri anogona kushandiswa mune ramangwana. Nyaya yekutanga yakaburitswa pamedium ine musoro unoti: Ramangwana reTekinoroji yeBhatiri
Nyika izere nesimba, uye tiri kuita zvese zvatinogona kuti titore simba iroro uye tishandise zvakanaka. Kunyangwe takaita basa riri nani mukuchinja kuenda kusimba rinogona kuvandudzwa, hatina kufambira mberi zvakanyanya mukuchengetedza simba.
Parizvino, tekinoroji yepamusoro yebhatiri ndiyo mabhatiri e lithium-ion. Bhatiri iri rinoita serine simba rakawanda, rinoshanda zvakanaka (rinenge 99%), uye rinogara kwenguva refu.
Saka chii chiri kunetsa? Sezvo simba rinodzokororwa ratinotora richiramba richikura, huwandu hwesimba remabhatiri e lithium-ion hahuchakwani.
Sezvo tichigona kuramba tichigadzira mabhatiri ari muzvikamu, izvi hazviratidzike sedambudziko guru, asi dambudziko nderekuti lithium isimbi isingawanzo kuwanikwa, saka mutengo wayo hausi wakaderera. Kunyangwe mitengo yekugadzira mabhatiri iri kudzikira, kudiwa kwekuchengetedza simba kuri kuwedzerawo nekukurumidza.
Tasvika panguva iyo kana bhatiri re lithium ion ragadzirwa, richave nemhedzisiro huru paindasitiri yesimba.
Kuwanda kwesimba remafuta ekare ichokwadi, uye ichi chinhu chikuru chinopesvedzera shanduko yekutsamira zvachose pasimba rinogona kuvandudzwa. Tinoda mabhatiri anoburitsa simba rakawanda kupfuura huremu hwedu.
Mashandiro anoita mabhatiri e lithium-ion
Mashandiro anoita mabhatiri e lithium akafanana nemabhatiri emakemikari eAA kana AAA. Ane anode ne cathode terminals, uye electrolyte iri pakati. Kusiyana nemabhatiri emazuva ose, discharge reaction mubhatiri re lithium-ion inodzokororwa, saka bhatiri rinogona kuchajwazve kakawanda.
Cathode (+ terminal) yakagadzirwa ne lithium iron phosphate, anode (-terminal) yakagadzirwa ne graphite, uye graphite yakagadzirwa nekabhoni. Magetsi ingori kufamba kwemaerekitironi. Mabhatiri aya anogadzira magetsi nekufambisa maion e lithium pakati pe anode ne cathode.
Kana yachajwa, maion anoenda kune anode, uye kana yaburitswa, maion anomhanyira kune cathode.
Kufamba kwemaion uku kunokonzera kufamba kwemaerekitironi mudunhu, saka kufamba kwemaion e lithiamu nekufamba kwemaerekitironi zvine hukama.
Bhatiri reSilicon anode
Makambani mazhinji makuru emotokari akaita seBMW ave achiisa mari mukugadzira mabhatiri esilicon anode. Kufanana nemabhatiri e lithium-ion akajairwa, mabhatiri aya anoshandisa lithium anodes, asi pachinzvimbo cheanode dzakavakirwa pacarbon, anoshandisa silicon.
Seanode, silicon iri nani pane graphite nekuti inoda maatomu mana ekabhoni kuti ibatisise lithium, uye atomu imwe chete yesilicon inogona kubata maion mana e lithium. Uku kusimudzira kukuru ... zvichiita kuti silicon ive yakasimba ka3 kupfuura graphite.
Kunyange zvakadaro, kushandiswa kwe lithium kuchiri munondo unocheka nemativi maviri. Chinhu ichi chichiri kudhura, asi zviri nyorewo kutamisa zvivakwa zvekugadzira kuenda kumasero e silicon. Kana mabhatiri akasiyana zvachose, fekitori ichafanirwa kugadziriswazve zvizere, izvo zvichaita kuti kukwezva kwekuchinja kuderedzwa zvishoma.
Ma silicon anode anogadzirwa nekugadzira jecha kuti rigadzire silicon yakachena, asi dambudziko guru riri kusangana nevaongorori parizvino nderekuti ma silicon anode anokura kana akashandiswa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti bhatiri rikurumidze kuora. Zvinonetsawo kugadzira ma anode akawanda.
Bhatiri reGraphene
Graphene rudzi rwekabhoni flake inoshandisa zvinhu zvakafanana nepenzura, asi zvinotora nguva yakawanda kubatanidza graphite kune flakes. Graphene inorumbidzwa nekushanda kwayo kwakanaka muzviitiko zvakawanda zvekushandisa, uye mabhatiri ndeimwe yadzo.
Mamwe makambani ari kushanda pamabhatiri e graphene anogona kuchajwa zvizere mumaminitsi uye kuburitswa nekukurumidza ka33 kupfuura mabhatiri e lithium-ion. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kumotokari dzemagetsi.
Bhatiri refuro
Parizvino, mabhatiri echinyakare ane mativi maviri. Anogona kunge akarongwa sebhatiri re lithium kana kupetwa sebhatiri reAA kana lithium-ion.
Bhatiri refuro ipfungwa itsva inosanganisira kufamba kwechaji yemagetsi munzvimbo ye3D.
Chimiro ichi che3-dimensional chinogona kukurumidzisa nguva yekuchaja uye kuwedzera huwandu hwesimba, izvi zvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru pabhatiri. Kana tichienzanisa nemamwe mabhatiri mazhinji, mabhatiri efuro haana ma electrolyte emvura anokuvadza.
Mabhatiri efuro anoshandisa maelectrolyte akasimba panzvimbo pemaelectrolyte emvura. Electrolyte iyi haingoiti chete kuti lithium ions ishande, asiwo inochengetedza zvimwe zvishandiso zvemagetsi.
Anode inochengetedza chaji yebhatiri yakaitwa nefuro remhangura uye yakafukidzwa nezvinhu zvinoshanda zvinodiwa.
Electrolyte yakasimba inozoiswa yakatenderedza anode.
Pakupedzisira, chinhu chinonzi "positive paste" chinoshandiswa kuzadza mipata iri mukati mebhatiri.
Bhatiri reAluminium Oxide
Mabhatiri aya ane simba guru kupfuura mamwe mabhatiri ese. Simba rayo rine simba uye rakareruka kupfuura mabhatiri e lithium-ion aripo iye zvino. Vamwe vanhu vanoti mabhatiri aya anogona kupa mota dzemagetsi dzinosvika makiromita 2,000. Pfungwa iyi chii? Kuti titaure, nzvimbo yepamusoro yekufamba netsoka yeTesla inosvika makiromita mazana matanhatu.
Dambudziko nemabhatiri aya nderekuti haakwanise kuchajiwa. Anogadzira aruminiyamu hydroxide uye anoburitsa simba kuburikidza nekuita kwearuminiyamu neokisijeni mu electrolyte inobva mumvura. Kushandiswa kwemabhatiri kunodya aruminiyamu seanode.
Bhatiri reSodium
Parizvino, masayendisiti ekuJapan ari kushanda pakugadzira mabhatiri anoshandisa sodium pachinzvimbo che lithium.
Izvi zvingakanganisa, sezvo mabhatiri e sodium achinyatsoshanda kupfuura mabhatiri e lithium kanomwe. Imwe mukana mukuru ndeyekuti sodium ndiyo chikamu chechitanhatu chakapfuma pane zvese zviri pasi pano, zvichienzaniswa ne lithium, iyo isingawanzo kuwanikwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-02-2019