Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika pasi rose dziri kukurudzira kukura kweindasitiri yesimba rehydrogen nekukurumidza kusati kwamboitika. Sekureva kwemushumo wakaburitswa pamwe chete neInternational Hydrogen Energy Commission neMcKinsey, nyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu nenzvimbo dzakaburitsa gwara rekuvandudza simba rehydrogen, uye mari yepasi rose muzvirongwa zvesimba rehydrogen ichasvika mabhiriyoni mazana matatu emadhora ekuAmerica panosvika gore ra2030.
Simba rehydrogen isimba rinoburitswa nehydrogen mukuchinja kwemuviri nemakemikari. Hydrogen neokisijeni zvinogona kupiswa kuti zvigadzire simba rekupisa, uye zvinogonawo kushandurwa kuita magetsi nemasero emafuta. Hydrogen haina kungova nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana chete, asi inewo zvakanakira zvekufambisa kupisa zvakanaka, yakachena uye isina chepfu, uye kupisa kwakanyanya pahuremu hweyuniti. Huremu hwekupisa hwehydrogen pahuremu humwe chete hunopetwa katatu kupfuura peturu. Ichinhu chakakosha cheindasitiri yepetrochemical uye simba remafuta emuchadenga. Nekuwedzera kuri kudanwa kwekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kuwana kusava nekabhoni, simba rehydrogen rinotarisirwa kuchinja sisitimu yesimba revanhu.
Simba rehydrogen rinofarirwa kwete chete nekuda kwekuti harina kabhoni inoburitswa mukugadzirwa kwayo, asiwo nekuti hydrogen inogona kushandiswa senzira yekuchengetera simba kutsiva kusagadzikana uye kusava nesimba kwesimba rinogona kudzokororwa uye kukurudzira kukura kukuru kwesimba iri. Semuenzaniso, tekinoroji ye "magetsi kuenda kugasi" iri kukurudzirwa nehurumende yeGerman ndeyekugadzira hydrogen yekuchengetedza magetsi akachena akadai sesimba remhepo nesimba rezuva, izvo zvisingagone kushandiswa nenguva, uye kutakura hydrogen nedaro refu kuti ishandiswe zvakanaka. Kuwedzera kune gasi, hydrogen inogonawo kuonekwa semvura kana solid hydride, ine nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuchengetedza nekufambisa. Sesimba risingawanzo "kudzvanywa", simba rehydrogen haringogone chete kuona kushanduka kunochinjika pakati pemagetsi nehydrogen, asiwo kuvaka "bhiriji" rekuona kubatana kwemagetsi, kupisa, kutonhora uye kunyange solid, gasi nemafuta emvura, kuitira kuvaka sisitimu yesimba yakachena uye inoshanda.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzesimba rehydrogen dzine mamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekushandiswa. Pakupera kwa2020, muridzi wepasi rose wemotokari dzehydrogen fuel cell achawedzera ne38% zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura. Kushandiswa kukuru kwesimba rehydrogen kuri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mumunda wemotokari kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai sekutakura, kuvaka uye maindasitiri. Kana ikashandiswa pakufambisa njanji nengarava, simba rehydrogen rinogona kuderedza kutsamira kwekutakura kure uye mutoro wakawanda pamafuta echinyakare emafuta negasi. Semuenzaniso, pakutanga kwegore rapfuura, Toyota yakagadzira uye yakaunza batch yekutanga yemasisitimu ehydrogen fuel cell engarava dzemugungwa. Inoshandiswa pakugadzira kwakapararira, simba rehydrogen rinogona kupa simba nekupisa kwezvivakwa zvekugara nezvemabhizinesi. Simba rehydrogen rinogonawo kupa zvakananga zvinhu zvinogadzirwa zvakanaka, zvinoderedza kupisa uye masosi emhando yepamusoro ekupisa kwe petrochemical, iron nesimbi, metallurgy nedzimwe makemikari, zvichideredza zvinobudirira kuburitsa kabhoni.
Zvisinei, semhando yesimba rechipiri, simba rehydrogen harisi nyore kuwana. Hydrogen inonyanya kuwanikwa mumvura nemafuta epasi muchimiro chemakemikari ari panyika. Mazhinji ematekinoroji aripo ekugadzira hydrogen anovimba nesimba rezvishandiso zvepasi uye haakwanise kudzivirira kuburitswa kwecarbon. Parizvino, tekinoroji yekugadzira hydrogen kubva musimba rinowanikwazve iri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye hapana hydrogen inoburitsa kabhoni inogona kugadzirwa kubva mukugadzira simba rinowanikwazve uye electrolysis yemvura. Masayendisiti ari kutsvagawo matekinoroji matsva ekugadzira hydrogen, akadai se solar photolysis yemvura kuti igadzire hydrogen uye biomass kuti igadzire hydrogen. Tekinoroji yekugadzira hydrogen yenyukireya yakagadzirwa neInstitute of nuclear energy uye new energy technology yeTsinghua University inotarisirwa kutanga kuratidzwa mumakore gumi anotevera. Pamusoro pezvo, cheni yeindasitiri yehydrogen inosanganisirawo kuchengetedza, kutakura, kuzadza, kushandisa uye zvimwe zvinongedzo, izvo zvinosanganawo nematambudziko ehunyanzvi uye zvipingamupinyi zvemutengo. Tichitora semuenzaniso, hydrogen haina huremu hwakanyanya uye iri nyore kudonhedza pasi pekupisa kwakajairika nekumanikidzwa. Kusangana nesimbi kwenguva refu kunokonzera "kusvibiswa kwehydrogen" uye kukuvara kwekupedzisira. Kuchengeta nekutakura kwakaoma kupfuura marasha, mafuta negasi rechisikigo.
Parizvino, nyika dzakawanda dziri muzvikamu zvese zvekutsvagisa kwehydrogen dziri kufamba zvakanyanya, matambudziko ehunyanzvi ari kutorwa kuti agadziriswe. Nekuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchiita huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwesimba rehydrogen, kuchengetedza nekufambisa, mutengo wesimba rehydrogen une mukana mukuru wekuderera. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti mutengo wese weindasitiri yesimba rehydrogen unotarisirwa kudzikira nehafu panosvika gore ra2030. Tinotarisira kuti nzanga yehydrogen ichakurumidza.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-30-2021