Kuki umusaruro wa hydrogen ukomoka ku ngufu za kirimbuzi wabaye mwinshi mu buryo butunguranye?

Mu bihe byashize, uburemere bw'ingaruka z'iyi mpanuka bwatumye ibihugu bihagarika gahunda zo kwihutisha imirimo yo kubaka inganda za kirimbuzi no gutangira kugabanya ikoreshwa ryazo. Ariko umwaka ushize, ingufu za kirimbuzi zongeye kwiyongera.

Ku ruhande rumwe, amakimbirane hagati y’Uburusiya na Ukraine yatumye habaho impinduka mu ruhererekane rw’ingufu zose, ibyo bikaba byaranatumye abantu benshi "bashaka ingufu za kirimbuzi" bareka umwe umwe no kugabanya igikenewe cyose cy’ingufu gakondo uko bishoboka kose binyuze mu kongera gutangiza ingufu za kirimbuzi.

Ku rundi ruhande, Hydrogen ni ingenzi muri gahunda zo gukuraho karubone mu nganda zikomeye mu Burayi. Izamuka ry'ingufu za kirimbuzi ryanatumye ingufu za kirimbuzi zikoreshwa mu bikorwa bya kirimbuzi zimenyekana mu bihugu by'i Burayi.

Umwaka ushize, isesengura ryakozwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe ingufu za kirimbuzi cya OECD (NEA) cyitwa “Uruhare rw’ingufu za kirimbuzi mu bukungu bwa hidrojeni: Ikiguzi n’irushanwa” ryagaragaje ko bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro bya gazi n’intego rusange za politiki, amahirwe yo kugira ingufu za kirimbuzi mu bukungu bwa hidrojeni ni amahirwe akomeye niba hafashwe ingamba zikwiye.

NEA yavuze ko ubushakashatsi n'iterambere kugira ngo hongerwe umusaruro wa hydrogen bikwiye kongerwa mu gihe giciriritse, kuko "methane pyrolysis cyangwa hydrothermal chemical cycling, bishobora kuba bihujwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya reactor y'igisekuru cya kane, bitanga icyizere cyo gukoresha carbon nkeya ishobora kugabanya ibura ry'ingufu z'ibanze mu gukora hydrogen".

Birumvikana ko inyungu nyamukuru z'ingufu za kirimbuzi mu gukora hydrogen zirimo kugabanya ikiguzi cy'umusaruro no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Nubwo hydrogen y'icyatsi ikorwa hakoreshejwe ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa ku kigero cya 20 kugeza kuri 40%, hydrogen y'umutuku izakoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi ku kigero cya 90%, bikagabanya ikiguzi.

Umwanzuro nyamukuru wa NEA ni uko ingufu za kirimbuzi zishobora gukora hydrocarbon nkeya ku rugero runini ku giciro cyiza kandi gishimishije.

Byongeye kandi, Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ingufu za Atomiki cyatanze gahunda y’inzira yo gushyira mu bikorwa ikorwa rya hydrogen ya kirimbuzi mu bucuruzi, kandi inganda zizera ko kubaka ishingiro ry’inganda n’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano n’ikorwa rya hydrogen ya kirimbuzi biri mu nzira.

Kuri ubu, ibihugu bikomeye byateye imbere ku isi birimo gukora ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'umushinga wo gukora ingufu za kirimbuzi, bigerageza kwinjira mu muryango w'ubukungu mu bijyanye n'ingufu za kirimbuzi vuba bishoboka. Igihugu cyacu kirimo guteza imbere iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu gukora ingufu za kirimbuzi, kandi cyinjiye mu rwego rwo kwerekana ubucuruzi.

Gutunganya hydrogène bivuye ku ngufu za kirimbuzi hakoreshejwe amazi nk'ibikoresho fatizo ntibishobora gusa gutuma habaho ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu ikorwa rya hydrogène, ahubwo binatuma ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za kirimbuzi rirushaho kwaguka, kunoza ubukungu bw'inganda z'ingufu za kirimbuzi, no gushyiraho uburyo bwo guteza imbere inganda z'ingufu za kirimbuzi n'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Umutungo w'ibikomoka kuri hydrogène uboneka ku isi ushobora gutanga ingufu zirenze inshuro 100.000 kurusha ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Guhuza ibi byombi bizafungura inzira y'iterambere rirambye n'ubukungu bw'ibikomoka kuri hydrogène, kandi biteze imbere iterambere ryita ku bidukikije n'imibereho myiza. Muri iki gihe, ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa. Mu yandi magambo, gukora hydrogène bivuye ku ngufu za kirimbuzi bishobora kuba igice cy'ingenzi cy'ejo hazaza h'ingufu zisukuye.Ese?