Esikhathini esidlule, ubucayi balesi simo buholele amazwe ekumiseni izinhlelo zokusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zenuzi futhi aqale ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Kodwa ngonyaka odlule, amandla enuzi aphinde akhuphuka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxabano phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine iholele ezinguqukweni kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla, okuye kwakhuthaza “abaqapheli bezikhali zenuzi” abaningi ukuba bayeke omunye nomunye futhi banciphise isidingo samandla endabuko ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuqalisa kabusha amandla enuzi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-hydrogen ibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokususa i-carbon ezimbonini ezinkulu eYurophu. Ukwanda kwamandla enuzi nakho kukhuthaze ukuqashelwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngamandla enuzi emazweni aseYurophu.
Ngonyaka odlule, ukuhlaziywa yi-OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) okunesihloko esithi “Indima Yamandla Enuzi Emnothweni We-Hydrogen: Izindleko Nokuncintisana” kuphethe ngokuthi uma kubhekwa ukuguquguquka kwentengo yegesi kanye nezinhloso zenqubomgomo iyonke, amathuba amandla enuzi emnothweni we-hydrogen ayithuba elibalulekile uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifanele.
I-NEA ikhulume ngokuthi ucwaningo nentuthuko yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kufanele kwandiswe esikhathini esimaphakathi, njengoba “i-methane pyrolysis noma i-hydrothermal chemical cycling, okungenzeka kuhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe be-reactor yesizukulwane sesine, kuthembisa izinketho eziphansi zekhabhoni ezinganciphisa isidingo samandla esiyinhloko sokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen”.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izinzuzo eziyinhloko zamandla enuzi ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen zifaka phakathi izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi kanye nokukhishwa okuncishisiwe. Nakuba i-hydrogen eluhlaza ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amandla avuselelekayo ngesilinganiso somthamo esingu-20 kuya ku-40%, i-hydrogen epinki izosebenzisa amandla enuzi ngesilinganiso somthamo esingu-90%, okunciphisa izindleko.
Isiphetho esiyinhloko se-NEA ukuthi amandla enuzi angakhiqiza ama-hydrocarbon aphansi ngezinga elikhulu ngezindleko ezincintisanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-International Atomic Energy Agency iphakamise umhlahlandlela wokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yenuzi, futhi imboni ikholelwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo sezimboni kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka oluhlobene nokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yenuzi kuseza.
Njengamanje, amazwe amakhulu athuthukile emhlabeni aqhuba ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko yephrojekthi yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yamandla enuzi, ezama ukungena emphakathini wezomnotho wamandla e-hydrogen ngokushesha okukhulu. Izwe lethu likhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen kusuka emandleni enuzi futhi selingene esigabeni sokuboniswa kwezentengiselwano.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka emandleni enuzi kusetshenziswa amanzi njengezinto zokusetshenziswa akugcini nje ngokukhiqiza ukukhishwa kwe-carbon enkambisweni yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, kodwa futhi kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla enuzi, kuthuthukise ukuncintisana kwezomnotho kwezitshalo zamandla enuzi, futhi kudale izimo zokuthuthukiswa okuvumelanayo kwezitshalo zamandla enuzi kanye namandla avuselelekayo. Izinsizakusebenza zamandla enuzi ezitholakalayo zokuthuthukiswa emhlabeni zinganikeza amandla angaphezu kuka-100,000 ngaphezu kwamafutha emvelo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okubili kuzovula indlela yentuthuko esimeme kanye nomnotho we-hydrogen, futhi kukhuthaze intuthuko eluhlaza kanye nendlela yokuphila. Esimweni samanje, inamathemba amaningi okusetshenziswa. Ngamanye amazwi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka emandleni enuzi kungaba yingxenye ebalulekile yekusasa lamandla ahlanzekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-28-2023