He momo oko whakarewa te oko waro karāhe i hangaia ki ngā rauemi motuhake mō ngā whakamātautau me ngā whakamahinga pāmahana teitei. He tino pai te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, he pai te pumau matū me te parakore teitei, nō reira he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā momo mara, pērā i te whakarewa, te uku, ngā matū, ngā haurua-ira me ētahi atu.
He tino uaua te tukanga hanga o te ipu waro karāhe, me whai i ngā tukanga maha me te tino tirotiro kounga. Tuatahi, me whakamahi i ngā rauemi mata parakore teitei, pērā i te karāhe, te uku, me ētahi atu, i muri i te maimoatanga pāmahana teitei me te tauhohenga matū, hei hanga paura waro karāhe. Kātahi ka hangaia te paura kia rite ki te āhua o te ipu i muri i te hanganga, te whakakoi me ētahi atu tukanga. Hei whakamutunga, me whakahaere hoki i te whakamahana pāmahana teitei, te huri, te whakakanapa me ētahi atu maimoatanga hei whakarite i te kounga me te mahi a te ipu.
Ngā āhuatanga motuhake:
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rauemi karāhe maha hei papa
Kāore i ngaro ngā āhuatanga o te papa graphite
Ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te hanganga o te puehu karāhe
He pai ake te ātete ki te rakuraku me te roa o te mau ki te ārai i te waku
Tono:
Ngā wāhanga taputapu tuhi silicon monocrystalline
Ngā wāhanga tipu epitaxial
Mate maka tonu
Te hiri karāhe
| Mrauemi | Kīanga papatipu | Huaua | Ātete hiko | Te kaha piko | Kaha pēhanga |
| ISEM-3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GP1B | 0 | +3% | 0 | +8% | +3% |
| GP2Z | 0 | +3% | - | +7% | +4% |
| GP2B | 0 | +3% | 0 | +13% | +3% |
