Uburyo bwo gutegura ibikoresho bivanze bya fibre ya karuboni

Incamake y'ibikoresho bya karuboni na karuboni

Ibikoresho bivanze bya karuboni/karuboni (C/C)ni ibikoresho bivanze bya fibre ya karuboni bifite imiterere myiza cyane nko gukomera no gukoresha moduli nyinshi, imbaraga zidasanzwe z'urumuri, ubushobozi bwo kwaguka kw'ubushyuhe buke, kurwanya ingese, kurwanya gushyuha, kurwanya gushyuha neza, no kudahindagurika neza mu binyabutabire. Ni ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho bivanze mu bushyuhe bwinshi cyane.

Ibikoresho bivanze bya C/Cni ibikoresho byiza cyane by’ubushyuhe kandi bikora neza mu buhanga. Kimwe n’ibindi bikoresho by’ubukorikori bigezweho, ni imiterere y’ubukorikori igizwe n’igice cy’ubukorikori gishyigikiwe n’imigozi n’igice cy’ibanze. Itandukaniro ni uko igice cy’ubukorikori n’igice cy’ibanze byombi bigizwe na karuboni yuzuye kandi ifite imiterere yihariye.

Ibikoresho bivanze bya karuboni/karuboniBigizwe ahanini n'icyuma gikozwe muri karuboni, igitambaro cya karuboni, fibre ya karuboni nk'imbaraga, na karuboni ihumekwa nk'umwuka, ariko ifite ikintu kimwe gusa, ari cyo karuboni. Kugira ngo yongere ubucucike, karuboni ikorwa na karuboni iterwa na karuboni cyangwa iterwa na resin (cyangwa asphalt), ni ukuvuga ko ibikoresho bivanze na karuboni/karuboni bikozwe mu bikoresho bitatu bya karuboni.

Uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho bivanze bya karubone na karubone

1) Guhitamo fibre ya karuboni

Guhitamo imigozi ya fibre ya karuboni n'imiterere y'imyenda ya fibre ni byo shingiro ry'ingandaC/C ivanzeImiterere ya mekanike n'imiterere ya thermofiziki y'ibinyabutabire bya C/C bishobora kugenwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo guhitamo ubwoko bwa fibre n'ibipimo byo kuboha imyenda, nko gushyira imiterere y'ibinyabutabire by'ubudodo, intera iri hagati y'ibinyabutabire by'ubudodo, ingano y'ibinyabutabire by'ubudodo, nibindi.

2) Gutegura fibre ya karubone mbere yo kuyitegura

Imbere y’umugozi wa karuboni yerekeza ku mwanya udafite ikintu gikozwe mu buryo busabwa bw’imiterere y’umugozi hakurikijwe imiterere y’umusaruro n’ibisabwa kugira ngo hakorwe inzira yo gukurura. Hari uburyo butatu bw’ingenzi bwo gutunganya ibice by’imiterere byabanje gukorwa: kuboha byoroshye, kuboha bikomeye no kuboha byoroshye n’ibikomeye. Inzira z’ingenzi zo kuboha ni: kuboha ubudodo bwumye, guhuza inkoni mbere yo guterwa, kuboha neza, kuboha fibre no kuboha impande zose. Kuri ubu, inzira nyamukuru yo kuboha ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya C ni kuboha impande zose. Mu gihe cyo kuboha, imigozi yose iboshye itondetse mu cyerekezo runaka. Buri fibre ishyirwa ku nguni runaka mu cyerekezo cyayo hanyuma ikagirana inyunganira hagati yayo kugira ngo hakorwe umwenda. Ikiranga ni uko ishobora gukora umwenda w’imiterere itatu, ushobora kugenzura neza ingano y’imigozi muri buri cyerekezo cy’ibikoresho bya C/C, kugira ngo ibikoresho bya C/C bishobore kugira imiterere ikwiye mu mpande zose.

3) Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubucucike bwa C/C

Ubunini n'ubushobozi bwo gukurura ibintu bigizweho ingaruka cyane cyane n'imiterere y'imyenda n'ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Uburyo bukoreshwa ubu burimo guteranya karuboni, guteranya umwuka w'ibinyabutabire (CVD), guteranya umwuka w'ibinyabutabire (CVI), guteranya amazi mu binyabutabire, guteranya pyrolysis n'ubundi buryo. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'uburyo bwo guteranya: guteranya umwuka w'ibinyabutabire n'uburyo bwo guteranya umwuka w'ibinyabutabire.

Guteranya ikirere mu buryo bw'amazi - carbonization

Uburyo bwo gutera amazi mu gice cy’amazi ni bworoshye cyane mu bikoresho kandi bufite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, bityo uburyo bwo gutera amazi mu gice cy’amazi ni uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo gutegura ibikoresho bivanze bya C/C. Ni ukwinjiza imashini ikozwe muri fibre ya karuboni mu gice cy’amazi, hanyuma igatuma imashini yinjira mu cyuho cy’imashini ikoreshwa mu gutera amazi mu buryo bw’umuvuduko, hanyuma ikanyura mu buryo butandukanye nko gukaraba, gutera karuboni, no gutera icyuma mu buryo bwa grafiti, amaherezo ikabonaIbikoresho bivanze bya C/C. Ingorane zayo ni uko bisaba imikorere isubirwamo inshuro nyinshi no gushyiramo karuboni kugira ngo hagerwe ku bisabwa mu bucucike. Imiterere n'imiterere y'igitereko mu buryo bwo guteramo karuboni ni ingenzi cyane. Ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa ku mikorere myiza y'ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku miterere ya mekanike n'iy'umubiri y'igitereko. Kunoza umusaruro w'igitereko cyo guteramo karuboni no kugabanya ubucucike bw'igitereko byahoraga ari kimwe mu bibazo by'ingenzi bigomba gukemurwa mu gutegura ibikoresho bivanze bya C/C hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guteramo karuboni. Ubucucike bwinshi n'umusaruro muke w'igitereko cyo guteramo karuboni ni imwe mu mpamvu z'ingenzi zituma ibikoresho bivanze bya C/C bihenda cyane. Kunoza imikorere y'igitereko cyo guteramo karuboni ntibishobora kongera gusa imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho bivanze bya C/C no kugabanya ikiguzi cyabyo, ahubwo binanongera imiterere itandukanye y'ibikoresho bivanze bya C/C. Kurwanya ogisijeni ku bikoresho bivanze bya C/C Fibre ya karuboni itangira gutera ogisijeni kuri 360°C mu kirere. Fibre ya grafiti iruta fibre ya karuboni, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo bwo guteramo karuboni butangira gutera ogisijeni kuri 420°C. Ubushyuhe bwa ogisijeni bw'ibikoresho bya C/C ni hafi 450°C. Ibikoresho bya C/C biroroshye cyane gukaraba mu kirere gifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi igipimo cya ogisijeni kiriyongera vuba uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Iyo nta ngamba zo kurwanya ogisijeni zihari, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bya C/C mu gihe kirekire mu kirere gifite ubushyuhe bwinshi nta kabuza rizagira ingaruka mbi. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kurwanya ogisijeni bw'ibikoresho bya C/C byabaye igice cyingenzi mu gutegura. Ukurikije ikoranabuhanga ryo kurwanya ogisijeni, rishobora kugabanywamo ikoranabuhanga ryo kurwanya ogisijeni imbere n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga ogisijeni.

Icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe bw'ibinyabutabire

Gushyira umwuka w’ubumara mu buryo bwa chimique (CVD cyangwa CVI) ni ugushyira karuboni mu mwenge w’ubumara kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo kuzuza imyenge no kongera ubucucike. Karuboni ishyizwemo biroroshye kuyishushanya, kandi ifite imiterere ihuye neza n’umugozi. Ntizagabanuka mu gihe cyo kongera gukoresha karuboni nk’uko bigenda mu buryo bwo guteranya, kandi imiterere y’ubu buryo n’imikorere y’ubu buryo iba myiza kurushaho. Ariko, mu gihe cyo gukoresha CVD, iyo karuboni ishyizwe ku buso bw’ubumara, bizabuza umwuka kwinjira mu mwenge w’imbere. Karuboni ishyizwe ku buso igomba gukurwaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga hanyuma hagakorwa indi nshuro yo gushyiramo. Ku bicuruzwa bikomeye, uburyo bwa CVD nabwo bufite ingorane zimwe na zimwe, kandi uruziga rw’ubu buryo narwo rurerure cyane.