Tsarin samar da lantarki na graphite

Tsarin samar da lantarki na graphite da kuma sarrafa shi

Graphite electrode abu ne mai jure zafi mai yawa wanda aka samar ta hanyar man fetur, allurar coke a matsayin tarawa da kuma bitumen kwal a matsayin mai ɗaurewa, wanda ake samarwa ta hanyar jerin matakai kamar ƙullawa, gyaran fuska, gasawa, impregnation, graphitization da sarrafa kayan inji.

Elektrode na graphite muhimmin abu ne mai amfani da zafin jiki mai yawa don yin ƙarfe na lantarki. Ana amfani da electrode na graphite don shigar da makamashin lantarki zuwa tanda ta lantarki, kuma ana amfani da zafin jiki mai yawa da baka tsakanin ƙarshen electrode da cajin ke samarwa a matsayin tushen zafi don narke cajin don yin ƙarfe. Sauran tanderun ma'adinai waɗanda ke narkar da kayayyaki kamar su phosphorus mai rawaya, silicon na masana'antu, da abrasives suma suna amfani da electrode na graphite a matsayin kayan sarrafawa. Hakanan ana amfani da kyawawan halaye na zahiri da na sinadarai na electrode na graphite sosai a wasu sassan masana'antu.

Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da na'urorin lantarki na graphite sune man fetur coke, allura coke da kuma kwal tar pitch.

Man fetur coke samfuri ne mai ƙarfi wanda ake samu ta hanyar amfani da ragowar kwal da kuma bututun mai. Launinsa baƙi ne kuma mai ramuka, babban sinadarin carbon ne, kuma abun da ke cikin tokar yana da ƙasa sosai, gabaɗaya ƙasa da 0.5%. Man fetur coke yana cikin rukunin carbon mai sauƙin graphitized. Man fetur coke yana da amfani iri-iri a masana'antar sinadarai da ƙarfe. Shi ne babban kayan da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da kayayyakin graphite na wucin gadi da kayayyakin carbon don aluminum mai amfani da lantarki.

Ana iya raba coke ɗin mai zuwa nau'i biyu: coke danye da kuma coke da aka yi da calcined bisa ga zafin zafin da ake amfani da shi wajen sarrafa zafi. Tsohon coke ɗin mai da aka samu ta hanyar jinkirin coking yana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na abubuwa masu canzawa, kuma ƙarfin injin yana da ƙasa. Ana samun coke ɗin da aka yi da calcined ta hanyar calcined na coke danye. Yawancin matatun mai a China suna samar da coke ne kawai, kuma galibi ana gudanar da ayyukan calcination a masana'antun carbon.

Ana iya raba coke ɗin mai zuwa babban coke na sulfur (wanda ke ɗauke da fiye da kashi 1.5% na sulfur), matsakaiciyar coke na sulfur (wanda ke ɗauke da kashi 0.5%-1.5% na sulfur), da kuma ƙaramin coke na sulfur (wanda ke ɗauke da ƙasa da kashi 0.5% na sulfur). Ana samar da electrodes na graphite da sauran samfuran graphite na wucin gadi gabaɗaya ta amfani da ƙaramin coke na sulfur.

Allura coke wani nau'in coke ne mai inganci wanda yake da siffar fibrous a bayyane, ƙarancin yawan faɗaɗa zafi da kuma sauƙin graphitization. Idan coke ya karye, ana iya raba shi zuwa siriri bisa ga yanayin (rabo na al'amari gabaɗaya yana sama da 1.75). Ana iya ganin tsarin fibrous anisotropic a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa ta polarizing, saboda haka ana kiransa da allura coke.

Anisotropy na halayen jiki da na injiniya na allurar coke a bayyane yake. Yana da kyakkyawan yanayin wutar lantarki da na zafi daidai da alkiblar dogon axis na barbashi, kuma yawan faɗaɗa zafi yana da ƙasa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen ƙirƙirar fitattun abubuwa, ana shirya dogon axis na yawancin barbashi a alkiblar fitarwa. Saboda haka, allurar coke ita ce babbar kayan da ake amfani da ita don kera manyan electrodes na graphite masu ƙarfi ko masu ƙarfi. Graphite electrode da aka samar yana da ƙarancin juriya, ƙaramin ƙimar faɗaɗa zafi da kuma kyakkyawan juriyar girgizar zafi.

An raba allurar coke zuwa allurar coke mai tushen mai wanda aka samar daga ragowar man fetur da kuma allurar coke mai tushen kwal wanda aka samar daga kayan albarkatun kwal da aka tace.

Kwal kwal yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran sarrafa kwal kwal. Cakuda ce ta hydrocarbons daban-daban, baƙi a babban zafin jiki, rabin-mai ƙarfi ko mai ƙarfi a babban zafin jiki, babu tsayayyen wurin narkewa, ana laushi bayan dumama, sannan a narke, tare da yawan 1.25-1.35 g/cm3. Dangane da wurin laushinsa, an raba shi zuwa ƙananan zafin jiki, matsakaicin zafin jiki da babban kwalta. Yawan kwalta na matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 54-56% na kwalta. Haɗin kwalta yana da matuƙar rikitarwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da halayen kwalta da abubuwan heteroatoms, kuma tsarin tsarin coking da yanayin sarrafa kwalta yana shafar shi. Akwai alamomi da yawa don siffanta kwalta kwalta kwalta, kamar bitumen softening point, toluene insolubles (TI), quinoline insolubles (QI), ƙimar coking, da rheology na kwalta kwalta.

Ana amfani da kwal a matsayin abin ɗaurewa da kuma sanya ciki a masana'antar carbon, kuma aikinta yana da tasiri sosai kan tsarin samarwa da ingancin kayayyakin carbon. Kwalta mai ɗaurewa gabaɗaya yana amfani da kwalta mai matsakaicin zafin jiki ko matsakaici mai daidaitawa wanda ke da matsakaicin matsayi mai laushi, ƙimar coking mai yawa, da kuma resin β mai yawa. Maganin da ke sanyawa kwalta shine kwalta mai matsakaicin zafin jiki wanda ke da ƙarancin matsayi mai laushi, ƙarancin QI, da kyawawan halaye na rheological.