1.Menene makamashin hydrogen
Hydrogen, wanda shine abu na farko a cikin teburin lokaci-lokaci, yana da mafi ƙarancin adadin protons, ɗaya kawai. Atom ɗin hydrogen kuma shine mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi haske daga cikin dukkan atoms. Hydrogen yana bayyana a Duniya galibi a cikin nau'in haɗin gwiwa, wanda mafi shahara shine ruwa, wanda shine abu mafi yaɗuwa a duniya.
Hydrogen yana da ƙimar ƙonawa mai yawa. Kwatanta adadin zafi da ake samu ta hanyar ƙona irin nauyin iskar gas, fetur da hydrogen:
A ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayi,
Kona gram 1 na iskar gas, bisa ga ma'aunin, kimanin kilojoules 55.81 na zafi;
Kona gram 1 na fetur yana fitar da kimanin kilojoules 48.4 na zafi;
Kona gram 1 na hydrogen yana fitar da kimanin kilojoules 142.9 na zafi.
Kona hydrogen yana fitar da zafi sau 2.56 fiye da iskar gas da kuma zafi sau 2.95 fiye da fetur. Ba abu ne mai wahala a gani daga waɗannan bayanai cewa hydrogen yana da ainihin halayen mai mai kyau - ƙimar ƙonawa mai yawa!
Makamashin hydrogen galibi na makamashin sakandare ne, babban abin da ke cikinsa shi ne ko dabaru, fasaha da tattalin arzikinsa suna da mahimmanci da ƙimar daidaiton muhalli, shugabancin muhalli da sauyin yanayi. Makamashin na biyu yana cikin mahaɗin tsaka-tsaki tsakanin masu amfani da makamashi na farko da masu amfani da makamashi, kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa rukuni biyu: ɗaya shine "tushen aikin tsari", ɗayan kuma shine "makamashi mai ɗauke da kuzarin jiki". Babu shakka cewa makamashin lantarki shine "tushen aikin tsari" da aka fi amfani da shi, yayin da fetur, dizal da kananzir sune "tushen makamashi mai ƙarfi" da aka fi amfani da shi.
Daga mahangar ma'ana, tunda "tushen aikin sarrafawa" yana da wahalar adanawa kai tsaye a adadi mai yawa, motocin sufuri na zamani masu ƙarfi, kamar motoci, jiragen ruwa da jiragen sama, ba za su iya amfani da babban adadin makamashin lantarki daga tashoshin wutar lantarki ba. Madadin haka, za su iya amfani da babban adadin "makamashi mai ɗauke da makamashi" kawai kamar fetur, dizal, kananzir na jiragen sama da iskar gas mai ruwa-ruwa.
Duk da haka, al'ada ba koyaushe take dorewa ba, kuma al'ada ba koyaushe take da ma'ana ba. Tare da haɓaka da haɓaka motocin lantarki da motocin lantarki masu haɗaka, "tushen aikin aiwatarwa" kuma zai iya maye gurbin "makamashi mai ɗauke da makamashi". A cewar tunani mai ma'ana, tare da ci gaba da amfani da makamashin burbushin halittu, albarkatu za su ƙare a ƙarshe, kuma sabon "makamashi mai ɗauke da makamashi" ba makawa zai bayyana, wanda daga ciki makamashin hydrogen shine babban wakili.
Hydrogen yana da yawan sinadarai, wanda ya kai kimanin kashi 75 cikin 100 na nauyin sararin samaniya. Yana nan a cikin iska, ruwa, man fetur da dukkan nau'ikan carbohydrates.
Hydrogen yana da kyakkyawan aikin konewa, babban wurin ƙonewa, faɗin kewayon ƙonewa, da saurin ƙonewa mai sauri. Daga mahangar ƙimar kalori da ƙonewa, hydrogen tabbas makamashi ne mai inganci da inganci. Bugu da ƙari, hydrogen kanta ba shi da guba. Baya ga samar da ruwa da ƙaramin adadin hydrogen nitride bayan ƙonewa, ba zai samar da gurɓatattun abubuwa masu cutarwa ga muhalli da muhalli ba, kuma babu fitar da carbon dioxide. Saboda haka, makamashin hydrogen yana cikin makamashi mai tsabta, wanda yake da matuƙar mahimmanci ga kula da muhalli da rage fitar da carbon dioxide.
2. Matsayin makamashin hydrogen
Makamashin hydrogen yana da babban sarkar masana'antu wanda ya shafi shirye-shiryen hydrogen, adanawa, sufuri da sake cika mai, ƙwayoyin mai da aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.
A fannin samar da wutar lantarki, ana iya amfani da makamashin hydrogen wajen samar da wutar lantarki mai tsafta don daidaita bukatar wutar lantarki da kuma magance karancin wutar lantarki a lokutan da ake fuskantar cunkoso.
A fannin dumama, ana iya haɗa makamashin hydrogen da iskar gas, wanda shine ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hanyoyin samar da makamashin da ba su da ƙarancin carbon waɗanda za su iya yin gogayya da iskar gas a nan gaba.
A fannin sufurin jiragen sama, wanda ke fitar da sama da tan miliyan 900 na carbon dioxide kowace shekara, makamashin hydrogen shine babbar hanyar haɓaka zirga-zirgar jiragen sama marasa carbon.
A fagen soja, ana iya amfani da sinadarin hydrogen a fagen soja yana da fa'idodin shiru, yana iya samar da ci gaba da kwararar wutar lantarki, canjin makamashi mai yawa, kuma muhimmin yanayi ne na ɓoyewar jirgin ruwa.
Motocin makamashin hydrogen, motocin makamashin hydrogen suna da kyakkyawan aikin konewa, saurin ƙonewa, ƙimar kuzari mai yawa, tanadi mai yawa da sauran fa'idodi. Makamashin hydrogen yana da hanyoyi da yawa da aikace-aikace, wanda zai iya rage yawan makamashin burbushin halittu yadda ya kamata.
Inganta matakin ci gaba mai tsafta da kuma haɓaka makamashin hydrogen muhimmin abu ne wajen gina tsarin samar da makamashi mai "ƙara yawan makamashi", kuma babban abin da ke motsa canji da haɓakawa ga makamashi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-19-2023