1.Iyini amandla e-hydrogen
I-hydrogen, into yokuqala eshadini le-periodic, inenani eliphansi kakhulu lama-proton, elilodwa nje kuphela. I-athomu ye-hydrogen nayo iyi-athomu encane kakhulu futhi elula kunazo zonke. I-hydrogen ivela eMhlabeni ikakhulukazi ngesimo sayo esihlanganisiwe, esivelele kakhulu kuwo amanzi, okuyizinto ezisakazwa kabanzi endaweni yonke.
I-hydrogen inenani lokusha eliphezulu kakhulu. Qhathanisa inani lokushisa elikhishwa ngokushisa isisindo esifanayo segesi yemvelo, uphethiloli kanye ne-hydrogen:
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo,
Ukushisa igremu eli-1 legesi yemvelo, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe ama-kilojoule angu-55.81 okushisa;
Ukushisa igremu eli-1 likaphethiloli kukhipha cishe ama-kilojoule angu-48.4 okushisa;
Ukushisa igremu eli-1 le-hydrogen kukhipha cishe ama-kilojoule angu-142.9 okushisa.
I-hydrogen evuthayo ikhipha ukushisa okuphindwe ka-2.56 kunegesi yemvelo kanye nokushisa okuphindwe ka-2.95 kunephethiloli. Akunzima ukubona kule datha ukuthi i-hydrogen inezakhiwo eziyisisekelo zikaphethiloli ofanele - inani eliphezulu lokusha!
Amandla e-hydrogen ikakhulukazi awe-secondary energy, isihluthulelo sisekutheni i-logic yayo, ubuchwepheshe kanye nomnotho kunokubaluleka kanye nenani lokulinganisela kwemvelo, ukuphathwa kwemvelo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Amandla esibili awe-intermediate link phakathi kwabasebenzisi bamandla abayinhloko kanye namandla, futhi angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: esinye "singumthombo wokusebenza kwenqubo", esinye "singumthombo wamandla oqukethe umzimba". Akungabazeki ukuthi amandla kagesi "angumthombo wokusebenza kwenqubo" osetshenziswa kakhulu, kuyilapho uphethiloli, udizili kanye ne-parafini "kuwumthombo wamandla osebenzisa amandla" osetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ngokombono onengqondo, njengoba "imithombo yokusebenza kwenqubo" kunzima ukuyigcina ngqo ngobuningi obukhulu, izimoto zesimanje zokuhamba ezinokunyakaza okunamandla, njengezimoto, imikhumbi nezindiza, azikwazi ukusebenzisa amandla kagesi amaningi avela ezitshalweni zamandla. Esikhundleni salokho, zingasebenzisa kuphela inani elikhulu "lamandla aqukethe amandla" njengophethiloli, udizili, uphalafini wezindiza kanye negesi yemvelo encibilikisiwe.
Kodwa-ke, isiko lingase lingahlali lihlala isikhathi eside, futhi isiko lingase lingabi nengqondo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nezimoto zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe, "umthombo wokusebenza kwenqubo" ungaphinde uthathe indawo "yamandla aqukethe amandla". Ngokusho kokucabanga okunengqondo, ngokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwamandla asendulo, izinsiza zizophela ekugcineni, futhi "amandla aqukethe amandla" amasha azovela ngokungenakugwenywa, phakathi kwawo amandla e-hydrogen angummeleli oyinhloko.
I-hydrogen itholakala kakhulu ngokwemvelo, yakha cishe amaphesenti angama-75 obunzima bendawo yonke. Itholakala kabanzi emoyeni, emanzini, emafossil fuel kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-carbohydrate.
I-hydrogen inamandla okushisa amahle, indawo yokushisa ephezulu, ububanzi obuvuthayo obukhulu, kanye nesivinini sokushisa esisheshayo. Ngokombono we-calorific value kanye nokusha, i-hydrogen ngokuqinisekile ingamandla asezingeni eliphezulu futhi asebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydrogen ngokwayo ayinabo ubuthi. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza amanzi kanye nenani elincane le-hydrogen nitride ngemva kokusha, ngeke ikhiqize ukungcola okuyingozi emvelweni nasemvelweni, futhi akukho ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide. Ngakho-ke, amandla e-hydrogen angowamandla ahlanzekile, okubaluleke kakhulu ekubusweni kwemvelo kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide.
2. Indima yamandla e-hydrogen
Amandla e-hydrogen anochungechunge olukhulu lwezimboni oluhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwe-hydrogen, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kanye nokufakwa kukaphethiloli, amaseli kaphethiloli kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina.
Ekukhiqizeni ugesi, amandla e-hydrogen angasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ugesi ohlanzekile ukuze kulinganiswe isidingo samandla futhi kuxazululwe ukushoda kokunikezwa kukagesi ngezikhathi zomsebenzi omatasa.
Ekufudumaleni, amandla e-hydrogen angaxutshwa negesi yemvelo, okungenye yemithombo embalwa yamandla aphansi ekhabhoni engancintisana negesi yemvelo esikhathini esizayo.
Emkhakheni wezindiza, okhipha amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-900 ze-carbon dioxide minyaka yonke, amandla e-hydrogen ayindlela eyinhloko yokuthuthukisa izindiza ezingenayo i-carbon eningi.
Ensimini yezempi, i-hydrogen fuel cell ingasetshenziswa ensimini yezempi inezinzuzo zokuthula, ingakhiqiza ugesi oqhubekayo, ukuguqulwa kwamandla aphezulu, futhi iyisimo esibalulekile sokucasha kwemikhumbi-ngwenya.
Izimoto zamandla e-hydrogen, izimoto zamandla e-hydrogen zisebenza kahle ekushiseni, ukusha okusheshayo, inani eliphezulu lama-calories, izinqolobane eziningi kanye nezinye izinzuzo. Amandla e-hydrogen anemithombo eminingi kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi, okunganciphisa ngempumelelo isilinganiso samandla asendulo.
Ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuthuthukiswa okuhlanzekile nokuthuthukisa amandla e-hydrogen kuyinkampani ebalulekile yokwakha uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamandla “oluhambisana namandla amaningi”, kanye namandla amakhulu okuguqula nokuthuthukisa amandla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-19-2023