1.Yintoni amandla e-hydrogen
I-Hydrogen, into yokuqala kwitheyibhile ye-periodic, inenani eliphantsi lee-proton, inye kuphela. I-athomu ye-hydrogen nayo yeyona incinci kwaye ilula kuzo zonke ii-athomu. I-Hydrogen ibonakala eMhlabeni ikakhulu kwimo yayo edibeneyo, eyona ibalaseleyo kuyo ngamanzi, eyona nto isasazeke kakhulu kwindalo iphela.
I-hydrogen inexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu lokutsha. Thelekisa ubushushu obukhutshwayo ngokutshisa ubunzima obufanayo begesi yendalo, ipetroli kunye ne-hydrogen:
Phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo,
Ukutshisa i-1 gram yegesi yendalo, ngokwemilinganiselo, malunga ne-55.81 yeekhilojowule zobushushu;
Ukutshisa i-1 gram yepetroli kukhupha malunga ne-48.4 yeekhilojowule zobushushu;
Ukutshisa i-1 gram ye-hydrogen kukhupha malunga ne-142.9 yeekhilojoule zobushushu.
I-hydrogen evuthayo inika ubushushu obuphindwe kayi-2.56 kunegesi yendalo kunye nobushushu obuphindwe kayi-2.95 kunepetroli. Akunzima ukubona kwezi datha ukuba i-hydrogen ineempawu ezisisiseko zepetroli efanelekileyo - ixabiso eliphezulu lokutsha!
Amandla e-hydrogen ikakhulu ngawesibini, eyona nto iphambili kukuba ingqiqo yawo, ubuchwepheshe kunye noqoqosho zibalulekile na kwaye zixabiseke kukulinganisela kwendalo, ulawulo lokusingqongileyo kunye notshintsho lwemozulu. Amandla esibini ngawesibini aphakathi konxibelelwano oluphakathi phakathi kwamandla aphambili kunye nabasebenzisi bamandla, kwaye anokwahlulwahlulwa abe ngamacandelo amabini: elinye "ngumthombo wokusebenza kwenkqubo", elinye "ngumbane oqulathe amandla omzimba". Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba amandla ombane ngowona "mthombo wokusebenza kwenkqubo" usetyenziswa kakhulu, ngelixa ipetroli, idizili kunye neparafini "zizona" zisetyenziswa kakhulu "njengomthombo wamandla anamandla".
Ngokwembono enengqondo, ekubeni "imithombo yokusebenza kwenkqubo" kunzima ukuyigcina ngokuthe ngqo ngobuninzi, izithuthi zothutho zanamhlanje ezinokuhamba ngamandla, njengeemoto, iinqanawa kunye neenqwelo-moya, azinakusebenzisa amandla amaninzi ombane avela kwizityalo zamandla. Endaweni yoko, zinokusebenzisa kuphela amandla amaninzi "aqulethe amandla" afana nepetroli, idizili, iparafini yeenqwelo-moya kunye negesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo.
Nangona kunjalo, isiko lisenokungahlali lihleli, kwaye isiko lisenokungahlali lisengqiqweni. Ngokukhula nokuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zombane kunye nezithuthi zombane ezixutyiweyo, "umthombo wokusebenza kwenkqubo" unokuthatha indawo "yamandla aqulathe amandla". Ngokwengqiqo engqiqweni, ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwamandla ezinto zakudala, izixhobo ziya kuphelelwa, kwaye "amandla aqulathe amandla" amatsha aya kuvela ngokungenakuphepheka, apho amandla e-hydrogen amele khona.
I-hydrogen ininzi kwindalo, iqikelelwa kwi-75 ekhulwini yobunzima bendalo yonke. Ifumaneka kakhulu emoyeni, emanzini, kwi-fossil fuels nakwiintlobo zonke ze-carbohydrate.
I-hydrogen inamandla okutsha amahle, indawo yokutsha ephezulu, ububanzi bokutsha, kunye nesantya sokutsha esikhawulezayo. Ngokwembono yexabiso leekhalori kunye nokutsha, i-hydrogen ngokuqinisekileyo ngamandla asemgangathweni ophezulu kwaye asebenzayo. Ukongeza, i-hydrogen ngokwayo ayinabungozi. Ukongeza ekuveliseni amanzi kunye nenani elincinci le-hydrogen nitride emva kokutsha, ayizukuvelisa ungcoliseko oluyingozi kwi-ecology nakwindalo esingqongileyo, kwaye akukho kukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide. Ke ngoko, amandla e-hydrogen angamalungu amandla acocekileyo, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide.
2. Indima yamandla e-hydrogen
Amandla e-hydrogen anomxokelelwane omkhulu wemizi-mveliso oquka ukulungiswa kwe-hydrogen, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kunye nokufakwa kwe-fuel, ii-fuel cells kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-terminal.
Kwimveliso yombane, amandla e-hydrogen angasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane ococekileyo ukulinganisela imfuno yombane nokusombulula ukunqongophala kombane ngexesha leeyure ezixakekileyo.
Xa kufudunyezwa, amandla e-hydrogen angaxutywa negesi yendalo, enye yezona mithombo zimbalwa zamandla angenakhabhoni eninzi ezinokukhuphisana negesi yendalo kwixesha elizayo.
Kwicandelo leenqwelo-moya, elikhupha ngaphezu kweetoni ezingama-900 ezigidi zekhabhoni dayokhsayidi minyaka le, amandla e-hydrogen yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuphuhlisa iinqwelo-moya ezingenakhabhoni ininzi.
Kwintsimi yomkhosi, iiseli ze-hydrogen fuel zingasetyenziswa kwintsimi yomkhosi zinezibonelelo zokuzola, zinokuvelisa umsinga oqhubekayo, ukuguqulwa kwamandla aphezulu, kwaye yimeko ebalulekileyo yokusithela kweenqanawa ezingaphantsi kolwandle.
Izithuthi zamandla e-hydrogen, izithuthi zamandla e-hydrogen zisebenza kakuhle ekutshiseni, zikhawuleza ukutsha, zinexabiso eliphezulu leekhalori, zininzi izinto ezigciniweyo kunye nezinye iingenelo. Amandla e-hydrogen anemithombo eyahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa, okunokunciphisa ngempumelelo umlinganiselo wamandla e-fossil.
Ukuphucula inqanaba lophuhliso olucocekileyo kunye nokuphuhlisa amandla e-hydrogen yinto ebalulekileyo yokwakha inkqubo yokubonelela ngamandla “amandla amaninzi ancedisayo”, kwaye yeyona nto iphambili ekuguquleni nasekuphuculeni amandla.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-19-2023