1.Kodi mphamvu ya haidrojeni ndi chiyani
Hydrogeni, chinthu choyamba chomwe chili mu tebulo la periodic, chili ndi ma protoni ochepa kwambiri, chimodzi chokha. Atomu ya hidrojeni ndi yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yopepuka kwambiri pa ma atomu onse. Hydrogeni imapezeka padziko lapansi makamaka mu mawonekedwe ake ophatikizana, omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi madzi, omwe ndi chinthu chofalikira kwambiri m'chilengedwe chonse.
Hydrojeni imakhala ndi mphamvu yoyaka kwambiri. Yerekezerani kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumaperekedwa poyatsa mpweya wachilengedwe, mafuta ndi haidrojeni womwewo:
Pansi pa mikhalidwe yomweyi,
Kuwotcha galamu imodzi ya mpweya wachilengedwe, malinga ndi muyeso, pafupifupi ma kilojoules 55.81 a kutentha;
Kuwotcha galamu imodzi ya petulo kumatulutsa kutentha kokwana ma kilojoules 48.4;
Kuwotcha gramu imodzi ya haidrojeni kumapereka kutentha pafupifupi ma kilojoule 142.9.
Kuwotcha kwa haidrojeni kumapereka kutentha kowirikiza kawiri ndi theka kuposa gasi wachilengedwe komanso kutentha kowirikiza kawiri ndi theka kuposa mafuta. N'zosavuta kuona kuchokera ku deta iyi kuti haidrojeni ili ndi mphamvu zoyambira za mafuta abwino - mphamvu yoyaka kwambiri!
Mphamvu ya haidrojeni makamaka ndi ya mphamvu yachiwiri, mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti ngati mfundo zake, ukadaulo ndi chuma chake zili ndi kufunika ndi kufunika kwa chilengedwe, kayendetsedwe ka chilengedwe ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Mphamvu yachiwiri ndi ya mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zazikulu ndi mphamvu, ndipo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: limodzi ndi "gwero la magwiridwe antchito a process", lina ndi "mphamvu yokhala ndi mphamvu ya thupi". Palibe kukayika kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ndi "gwero la magwiridwe antchito a process" lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pomwe mafuta, dizilo ndi mafuta a palafini ndi "gwero lamphamvu lamagetsi" lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Malinga ndi mfundo zomveka, popeza "magwero ogwirira ntchito" ndi ovuta kusungidwa mwachindunji mochuluka, magalimoto amakono oyendera omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoyenda bwino, monga magalimoto, zombo ndi ndege, sangagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi kuchokera ku mafakitale opangira magetsi. M'malo mwake, angagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri zokha monga mafuta, dizilo, mafuta a ndege ndi gasi wachilengedwe wosungunuka.
Komabe, mwambo sungakhale wokhalitsa nthawi zonse, ndipo mwambo sungakhale womveka nthawi zonse. Ndi kukwera ndi chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi ndi magalimoto amagetsi osakanikirana, "gwero la magwiridwe antchito" lingathenso kulowa m'malo mwa "mphamvu yokhala ndi mphamvu". Malinga ndi kulingalira kwanzeru, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kosalekeza mphamvu zakale, zinthu zidzatha pamapeto pake, ndipo "mphamvu yokhala ndi mphamvu" yatsopano idzawonekera mosalephera, pakati pawo mphamvu ya haidrojeni ndiyo yoyimira yayikulu.
Hydrojeni ndi wochuluka m'chilengedwe, pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya kulemera kwa chilengedwe chonse. Imapezeka kwambiri mumlengalenga, m'madzi, mafuta ndi mitundu yonse ya chakudya.
Hydrogeni ili ndi mphamvu yabwino yoyaka, malo oyatsira moto kwambiri, mphamvu yoyaka moto kwambiri, komanso liwiro loyaka mwachangu. Poganizira za mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kuyatsa, hidrojeni ndi mphamvu yapamwamba komanso yothandiza. Kuphatikiza apo, hidrojeni yokha si poizoni. Kuwonjezera pa kupanga madzi ndi nitride yochepa ya hidrojeni ikayaka, sipanga zinthu zowononga chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe, ndipo palibe mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya hidrojeni ndi ya mphamvu yoyera, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera chilengedwe komanso kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide.
2. Udindo wa mphamvu ya haidrojeni
Mphamvu ya haidrojeni ili ndi unyolo waukulu wa mafakitale womwe umaphatikizapo kukonzekera haidrojeni, kusungira, kunyamula ndi kudzaza mafuta, maselo amafuta ndi ntchito zomaliza.
Pakupanga magetsi, mphamvu ya haidrojeni ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga magetsi oyera kuti igwirizane ndi kufunikira kwa magetsi ndikuthetsa kusowa kwa magetsi nthawi yomwe magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Pa kutentha, mphamvu ya haidrojeni imatha kusakanizidwa ndi mpweya wachilengedwe, womwe ndi umodzi mwa magwero ochepa a mphamvu zopanda mpweya wambiri zomwe zingapikisane ndi mpweya wachilengedwe mtsogolo.
Mu gawo la ndege, lomwe limatulutsa matani opitilira 900 miliyoni a carbon dioxide chaka chilichonse, mphamvu ya haidrojeni ndiyo njira yayikulu yopangira ndege zopanda carbon dioxide yambiri.
Mu gawo lankhondo, maselo a haidrojeni angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'gulu lankhondo ali ndi ubwino wa chete, amatha kupanga mphamvu yopitilira, kusintha kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakubisala kwa sitima zapamadzi.
Magalimoto amphamvu a haidrojeni, magalimoto amphamvu a haidrojeni ali ndi mphamvu yoyaka bwino, kuyaka mwachangu, mphamvu zambiri, malo osungiramo zinthu zambiri ndi zabwino zina. Mphamvu ya haidrojeni ili ndi magwero osiyanasiyana komanso ntchito zake, zomwe zingachepetse bwino kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zakale.
Kukweza mulingo wa chitukuko choyera ndi kupanga mphamvu ya haidrojeni ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga njira yoperekera mphamvu "yowonjezera mphamvu zambiri", komanso mphamvu yayikulu yosinthira ndi kukweza mphamvu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-19-2023