1.Chii chinonzi simba rehydrogen
Hydrogen, chinhu chekutanga chiri patafura ye periodic, ine nhamba shoma yemaprotoni, imwe chete. Atomu yehydrogen ndiyo zvakare diki uye yakapfava pane maatomu ese. Hydrogen inoonekwa paNyika zvakanyanya muchimiro chayo chakabatana, chinonyanya kuoneka imvura, inova chinhu chakapararira zvakanyanya muchadenga.
Hydrogen ine simba guru rekutsva. Enzanisa huwandu hwekupisa hunopihwa nekupisa huremu hwakafanana hwegasi rechisikigo, peturu nehydrogen:
Pasi pemamiriro akafanana,
Kupisa giramu imwe yegasi rechisikigo, zvichienderana nekuyera, anenge makirogiramu 55.81 ekupisa;
Kupisa 1 gram yepeturu kunopa makirogiramu 48.4 ekupisa;
Kupisa 1 gram yehydrogen kunoburitsa kupisa kunosvika 142.9 kilojoules.
Kupisa hydrogen kunopa kupisa kwakapetwa ka2.56 pane gasi rechisikigo uye kupisa kwakapetwa ka2.95 pane peturu. Hazvina kuoma kuona kubva mudata iri kuti hydrogen ine hunhu hwekutanga hwemafuta akakodzera - kukosha kukuru kwekupiswa!
Simba rehydrogen rinonyanya kushandiswa sesimba rechipiri, chinhu chikuru chiri pakuti pfungwa dzaro, tekinoroji uye hupfumi zvine kukosha uye kukosha kwekuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza, kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Simba rechipiri rinonyanya kushandiswa sechikamu chepakati pakati pevashandisi vesimba rekutanga nevanoshandisa simba, uye rinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: chimwe "chinobva pakushanda kwemaitiro", chimwe "chinobva pasimba rine muviri". Hapana mubvunzo kuti simba remagetsi ndiro rinonyanya kushandiswa se "chinobva pakushanda kwemaitiro", nepo peturu, dhiziri neparafini zviri "chinobva pasimba" chinonyanya kushandiswa.
Kubva pamaonero ane musoro, sezvo "manyuko ekushanda kwemaitiro" akaoma kuchengetwa zvakananga muhuwandu hwakawanda, mota dzemazuva ano dzekutakura dzine kufamba kwakasimba, dzakadai semota, ngarava nendege, hadzigone kushandisa simba rakawanda remagetsi kubva kumafekitori emagetsi. Pane kudaro, dzinogona kushandisa simba rakawanda remagetsi rakaita sepeturu, dhiziri, parafini yendege negasi rechisikigo rakanyungudutswa.
Zvisinei, tsika dzinogona kusagara kwenguva refu, uye tsika dzinogona kusagara dziri nemusoro. Nekukura nekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi nemotokari dzemagetsi dzakasanganiswa, "manyuko ekushanda kwemaitiro" anogonawo kutsiva "simba rine simba". Zvichienderana nepfungwa dzinonzwisisika, nekushandiswa kwenguva refu kwesimba rezvisaririra, zviwanikwa zvichapera, uye "simba rine simba" idzva richaonekwa, iro simba rehydrogen ndiro rinomiririra.
Hydrogen yakawanda, inofungidzirwa kuti inosvika 75 muzana yehuremu hwepasi rose. Inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumhepo, mumvura, mafuta epasi uye mumarudzi ese emacarbohydrate.
Hydrogen ine simba rakanaka rekutsva, nzvimbo yekubatidza yakanyanya, nzvimbo yakafara yekubvira, uye kumhanya kwekupisa nekukurumidza. Kubva pamaonero ekukosha kwemafuta nekupiswa, hydrogen zvirokwazvo isimba remhando yepamusoro uye rinoshanda zvakanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, hydrogen pachayo haina chepfu. Pamusoro pekugadzira mvura nehydrogen nitride shoma mushure mekupiswa, haizoburitse tsvina inokuvadza kune ecology nenharaunda, uye hapana carbon dioxide inoburitswa. Saka, simba rehydrogen nderesimba rakachena, iro rinokosha zvikuru pakutonga nharaunda uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide.
2. Basa resimba rehydrogen
Simba rehydrogen rine cheni huru yemaindasitiri inosanganisa kugadzirira, kuchengetedza, kutakurwa uye kudira mafuta, mafekitori emafuta uye mashandisirwo emagetsi.
Mukugadzira magetsi, simba rehydrogen rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira magetsi akachena kuti pave nekuenzana kwezvinodiwa zvemagetsi uye kugadzirisa kushomeka kwemagetsi panguva dzekushanda nesimba.
Mukupisa, simba rehydrogen rinogona kusanganiswa negasi rechisikigo, iro riri rimwe remasimba mashoma asingashandise kabhoni yakawanda anogona kukwikwidzana negasi rechisikigo mune ramangwana.
Muchikamu chendege, icho chinoburitsa matani anopfuura mamiriyoni mazana mapfumbamwe ecarbon dioxide gore rega rega, simba rehydrogen ndiyo nzira huru yekuvandudza ndege dzisina kabhoni yakawanda.
Mumunda wemauto, hydrogen fuel cell inogona kushandiswa mumunda wemauto ine zvakanakira zverunyararo, inogona kugadzira magetsi anoramba achienderera mberi, kushandurwa kwesimba rakawanda, uye chinhu chakakosha chekuvanda kwepasi pemvura.
Mota dzinoshandisa simba rehydrogen, mota dzinoshandisa simba rehydrogen dzine simba rakanaka rekupisa, dzinokurumidza kupisa, dzine macalorie akawanda, dzine madhaka akawanda uye dzimwe nzira dzakanakira. Simba rehydrogen rine manyuko akasiyana-siyana uye mashandisirwo aro, izvo zvinogona kuderedza zvinobudirira huwandu hwesimba refossil.
Kuvandudza mwero wekukura kwakachena uye kugadzira simba rehydrogen chinhu chakakosha pakuvaka sisitimu yekupa simba ine "simba rakawanda rinowedzera", uye chinhu chikuru chinotungamira kushandurwa nekuvandudzwa kwesimba.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-19-2023