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Ka ripoatahia e mātou te pānga photovoltaic whakamiharo i roto i te uku YBa2Cu3O6.96 (YBCO) i waenga i te 50 me te 300 K i whakaohokia e te whakamārama kikorangi-reera, e pā tika ana ki te superconductivity o YBCO me te atanga hiko YBCO-whakarewa. He hurihanga polarity mō te ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera Voc me te iahiko ara iahiko poto Isc ina whakawhiti a YBCO mai i te superconducting ki te āhua ātete. Ka whakaatuhia e mātou he pūmanawa hiko puta noa i te atanga whakarewa superconductor-noa, e whakarato ana i te kaha wehenga mō ngā takirua irahiko-pōha i whakaohokia e te whakaahua. Ka anga atu tēnei pūmanawa atanga mai i YBCO ki te hiko whakarewa ina superconducting a YBCO ka huri ki te taha ke ina kore superconducting a YBCO. Ko te takenga mai o te pūmanawa ka taea te hono atu ki te pānga tata i te atanga whakarewa-superconductor ina superconducting a YBCO, ā, e kiia ana ko tōna uara he ~10–8 mV i te 50 K me te kaha laser o te 502 mW/cm2. Mā te whakakotahitanga o tētahi rauemi momo-p YBCO i te āhua noa me tētahi rauemi momo-n Ag-paste ka hangaia he hononga quasi-pn e whai kawenga ana mō te whanonga photovoltaic o ngā uku YBCO i ngā pāmahana teitei. Tērā pea ka whakatuwherahia e ā mātou kitenga te huarahi ki ngā tono hou o ngā taputapu photon-electronic me te whakamārama atu i te pānga tata i te atanga superconductor-metal.
Kua pūrongohia ngā ngaohiko i puta mai i te whakaahua i roto i ngā superconductors pāmahana teitei i te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1990, ā, kua rangahauhia whānuitia mai i taua wā, heoi kei te noho tonu tōna āhua me te tikanga kia kore e whakatauhia1,2,3,4,5. Ko ngā kiriata angiangi YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO)6,7,8, inā koa, e rangahauhia ana i roto i te ahua o te pūtau photovoltaic (PV) nā tōna āputa pūngao ka taea te whakarerekē9,10,11,12,13. Heoi, ko te ātete nui o te papa e arahi tonu ana ki te iti o te whai huatanga tahuritanga o te taputapu, ā, e huna ana i ngā āhuatanga PV tuatahi o YBCO8. I konei ka pūrongohia e mātou te pānga photovoltaic whakamiharo i puta mai i te whakamārama kikorangi-reera (λ = 450 nm) i roto i te uku YBa2Cu3O6.96 (YBCO) i waenga i te 50 me te 300 K (Tc ~ 90 K). Ka whakaatuhia e mātou he hononga tika te pānga PV ki te superconductivity o YBCO me te āhua o te atanga hiko YBCO-whakarewa. He hurihanga polarity mō te ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera Voc me te iahiko ara iahiko poto Isc ina whakawhiti a YBCO mai i te wāhanga superconducting ki te āhua ātete. E whakaarohia ana he pūmanawa hiko puta noa i te atanga whakarewa superconductor-noa, e whakarato ana i te kaha wehenga mō ngā takirua irahiko-pōha i puta mai i te whakaahua. Ka anga atu tēnei pūmanawa atanga mai i YBCO ki te irahiko whakarewa ina superconducting a YBCO, ā, ka huri ki te taha kē ina kore e superconducting te tauira. Ko te takenga mai o te pūmanawa ka hono noa pea ki te pānga tata14,15,16,17 i te atanga whakarewa-superconductor ina superconducting a YBCO, ā, e kiia ana ko tōna uara he ~10−8 mV i te 50 K me te kaha laser o te 502 mW/cm2. Ko te whakakotahitanga o te rauemi momo-p YBCO i te āhua noa me te rauemi momo-n Ag-paste ka hanga, ko te nuinga pea, he hononga quasi-pn e kawenga ana mō te whanonga PV o ngā uku YBCO i ngā pāmahana teitei. Mā ā mātou kitenga ka whakamārama ake i te pūtake o te pānga PV i roto i ngā uku YBCO e whakahaere ana i te pāmahana teitei, ā, ka whakatakoto i te ara mō tōna tono i roto i ngā taputapu optoelectronic pērā i te pūoko mārama tere.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 1a–c i ngā āhuatanga IV o te tauira uku YBCO i te 50 K. Ki te kore he māramatanga mārama, ka noho tonu te ngaohiko puta noa i te tauira ki te kore me te huri o te iahiko, e ai ki te mea e tumanakohia ana mai i tētahi rauemi superconducting. Ka puta he pānga photovoltaic mārama ina anga te hihi laser ki te cathode (Pikitia 1a): ka neke ngā kōpiko IV e whakarara ana ki te tuaka-I ki raro me te piki haere o te kaha o te laser. E kitea ana he ngaohiko photo-induced kino ahakoa kāore he iahiko (e kiia ana ko te ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera Voc). Ko te pari kore o te kōpiko IV e tohu ana kei te superconducting tonu te tauira i raro i te māramatanga laser.
(a–c) me te 300 K (e–g). I whiwhihia ngā uara o V(I) mā te neke i te iahiko mai i te −10 mA ki te +10 mA i roto i te korehau. Ko tētahi wāhanga anake o ngā raraunga whakamātautau e whakaaturia ana hei māramatanga. a, Ngā āhuatanga o te iahiko-ngaohiko o te YBCO i inehia me te ira laser e tū ana i te cathode (i). Ko ngā kōpiko IV katoa he rārangi tika whakapae e tohu ana kei te whakahaere tonu te tauira i te hihi laser. Ka neke te kōpiko ki raro me te piki haere o te kaha laser, e tohu ana kei reira he pūmanawa kino (Voc) i waenganui i ngā ara iahiko e rua ahakoa te kore iahiko. Kāore e rerekē ngā kōpiko IV ina anga te laser ki waenganui o te tauira i te ether 50 K (b) 300 K rānei (f). Ka neke te rārangi whakapae ki runga i te wā e whakamāramahia ana te anode (c). Kei te d te tauira kauwhata o te hononga whakarewa-superconductor. Kei te hoatu ngā āhuatanga o te iahiko-ngaohiko o te āhua noa YBCO i te 300 K i inehia me te hihi laser e tohu ana ki te cathode me te anode. He rerekē ki ngā hua i te 50 K, ko te pikinga kore-kore o ngā rārangi tika e tohu ana kei roto a YBCO i te āhua noa; ka rerekē ngā uara o Voc me te kaha o te mārama i te taha whakamuri, e tohu ana i tētahi tikanga wehewehe utu rerekē. Kei te whakaatuhia he hanganga atanga pea i te 300 K i roto i te hj Ko te pikitia tūturu o te tauira me ngā taura.
Ka taea e te YBCO whai-hāora i roto i te āhua superconducting te mimiti tata ki te whānuitanga katoa o te rā nā te mea he iti rawa te āputa pūngao (Eg)9,10, ā, ka hangaia he takirua irahiko-pōhatu (e–h). Hei whakaputa i te ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera Voc mā te mimiti i ngā photon, me wehe motuhake ngā takirua eh i hangaia e te whakaahua i mua i te whakakotahitanga18. Ko te Voc kino, e pā ana ki te cathode me te anode e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1i, e kī ana he pūmanawa hiko kei roto puta noa i te atanga whakarewa-superconductor, e pana ana i ngā irahiko ki te anode me ngā kōhao ki te cathode. Mena koinei te āhua, me whai tohu pūmanawa anō hoki mai i te superconductor ki te irahiko whakarewa i te anode. Nō reira, ka whiwhihia he Voc pai mena ka whakamāramahia te wāhi tauira e tata ana ki te anode. Hei tāpiri, kaua he ngaohiko i puta mai i te whakaahua ina tohua te ira laser ki ngā wāhi e tawhiti ana i ngā irahiko. He pono te āhua e kitea ana i te Pikitia 1b,c!.
Ina neke te ira mārama mai i te irahiko katote ki waenganui o te tauira (tata ki te 1.25 mm te tawhiti atu i ngā atanga), kāore he rerekētanga o ngā pihi IV, ā, kāore hoki he Voc e kitea me te pikinga o te kaha o te taiaho ki te uara mōrahi e wātea ana (Pikitia 1b). Nō reira, ko tēnei hua ka taea te kī ko te iti o te roanga o te ora o ngā kaikawe whakaahua-whakaoho me te kore o te kaha wehenga i roto i te tauira. Ka taea te hanga i ngā takirua irahiko-pōha i ngā wā katoa e whakamāramahia ana te tauira, engari ko te nuinga o ngā takirua e–h ka ngaro, ā, kāore he pānga photovoltaic e kitea ana mēnā ka taka te irahiko ki ngā wāhi e tawhiti atu ana i tētahi o ngā irahiko. Mā te neke i te irahiko ki ngā irahiko anode, ka neke ake ngā pihi IV e whakarara ana ki te tuaka-I me te pikinga o te kaha o te taiaho (Pikitia 1c). He rite tonu te mara hiko kua hangaia ki roto i te hononga whakarewa-superconductor i te anode. Heoi, ka hono te irahiko whakarewa ki te ara pai o te pūnaha whakamātautau i tēnei wā. Ka panaia ngā kōhao i hangaia e te taiaho ki te ara anode, ā, ka kitea he Voc pai. Ko ngā hua o konei e whakaatu ana i te taunakitanga pakari e whakaatu ana he pūmanawa atanga e tohu ana mai i te superconductor ki te electrode whakarewa.
Ko te pānga photovoltaic i roto i ngā uku YBa2Cu3O6.96 i te 300 K e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1e–g. Ki te kore he māramatanga mārama, ko te pihi IV o te tauira he rārangi tika e whiti ana i te pūtake. Ka neke ake tēnei rārangi tika i te rārangi taketake me te kaha o te taiaho e piki haere ana e whiti ana i ngā taura katote (Pikitia 1e). E rua ngā take whakawhāiti e pā ana ki tētahi taputapu photovoltaic. Ka puta te āhua porowhita-poto ina V = 0. Ko te iahiko i tēnei take ka kiia ko te iahiko porowhita-poto (Isc). Ko te take whakawhāiti tuarua ko te āhua porowhita-tuwhera (Voc) e puta ana ina R→∞, ina kore rānei te iahiko. E whakaatu mārama ana te Pikitia 1e he pai te Voc, ā, ka piki ake me te kaha o te māramatanga, he rerekē ki te hua i whiwhihia i te 50 K; i te mea ka kitea he Isc kino e piki haere ana te rahi me te māramatanga mārama, he whanonga noa o ngā pūtau rā noa.
Waihoki, ina tohu te hihi taiaho ki ngā wāhi e tawhiti atu ana i ngā irahiko, ka motuhake te pihi V(I) i te kaha o te taiaho, ā, kāore he pānga photovoltaic i puta (Pikitia 1f). He rite ki te ine i te 50 K, ka neke ngā pihi IV ki te taha kē i te mea ka whakamāramahia te irahiko anode (Pikitia 1g). Ko ēnei hua katoa i whiwhihia mō tēnei pūnaha whakapiri YBCO-Ag i te 300 K me te whakamāramahia te taiaho i ngā tūranga rerekē o te tauira he rite ki te pūmanawa atanga e rerekē ana ki tērā i kitea i te 50 K.
Ko te nuinga o ngā irahiko ka whakapūpū i roto i ngā takirua Cooper i roto i te YBCO superconducting i raro i tōna pāmahana whakawhiti Tc. I roto i te irahiko whakarewa, ka noho tonu ngā irahiko katoa i roto i te āhua takitahi. He nui te pikinga kiato mō ngā irahiko takitahi me ngā takirua Cooper i te taha o te atanga whakarewa-superconductor. Ka horapa ngā irahiko takitahi kawe-rahi i roto i te rauemi whakarewa ki roto i te rohe superconductor, ko ngā takirua Cooper kawe-rahi i roto i te rohe YBCO ka horapa ki roto i te rohe whakarewa. I te mea ka horapa ngā takirua Cooper e mau ana i ngā utu nui ake, ā, he nui ake te nekehanga i ngā irahiko takitahi mai i te YBCO ki roto i te rohe whakarewa, ka mahue ngā ngota utu pai, ka hua ake he mara hiko i roto i te rohe utu ātea. Kei te whakaatuhia te ahunga o tēnei mara hiko i roto i te hoahoa kauwhata Pikitia 1d. Ka taea e te māramatanga photon taupatupatu tata ki te rohe utu ātea te hanga i ngā takirua eh ka wehea, ka horoia atu ka puta he iahiko whakaahua i te ahunga whakamuri. Ina puta atu ngā irahiko i te mara hiko kua hangaia, ka whakapūpūhia rātou hei takirua ka rere ki tetahi atu irahiko me te kore ātete. I tēnei take, kei te ritenga kē te Voc i te polarity kua whakaritea i mua, ā, ka whakaatu i te uara kino ina tohu te hihi laser ki te rohe e karapoti ana i te irahiko kino. Mai i te uara o Voc, ka taea te whakatau tata i te pūmanawa puta noa i te atanga: ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā ara iahiko e rua d he ~5 × 10−3 m, ko te matotoru o te atanga whakarewa-superconductor, di, me rite te raupapa o te rahi ki te roa ōrite o te superconductor YBCO (~1 nm)19,20, tangohia te uara o Voc = 0.03 mV, ko te pūmanawa Vms i te atanga whakarewa-superconductor ka aromatawaitia he ~10−11 V i te 50 K me te kaha laser o te 502 mW/cm2, mā te whakamahi i te whārite,
E hiahia ana mātou ki te whakanui i konei kāore e taea te whakamārama i te ngaohiko i puta mai i te whakaahua mā te pānga wera whakaahua. Kua whakapumautia mā te whakamātautau ko te tauwehenga Seebeck o te superconductor YBCO ko Ss = 021. Ko te tauwehenga Seebeck mō ngā waea arataki parahi kei roto i te awhe SCu = 0.34–1.15 μV/K3. Ka taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te waea parahi i te wāhi taiaho mā te iti o te 0.06 K me te kaha taiaho mōrahi e wātea ana i te 50 K. Ka taea e tēnei te whakaputa i te pūmanawa hiko wera o te 6.9 × 10−8 V, he toru ngā whakarāpopototanga iti iho i te Voc i whiwhihia i te Pikitia 1 (a). E kitea ana he iti rawa te pānga hiko wera hei whakamārama i ngā hua whakamātautau. Inaa, ka ngaro te rerekētanga pāmahana nā te hihi taiaho i roto i te iti iho i te kotahi meneti, kia taea ai te warewarehia te takoha mai i te pānga wera.
Ko tēnei pānga photovoltaic o te YBCO i te pāmahana rūma e whakaatu ana he rerekē te tikanga wehenga utu e whai wāhi ana ki konei. Ko te YBCO superconducting i roto i te āhua noa he rauemi momo-p me ngā kōhao hei kaikawe utu22,23, ko te Ag-paste whakarewa he āhuatanga o te rauemi momo-n. He rite ki ngā hononga pn, ko te horapa o ngā irahiko i roto i te whakapiri hiriwa me ngā kōhao i roto i te uku YBCO ka hanga he mara hiko ā-roto e tohu ana ki te uku YBCO i te atanga (Pikitia 1h). Koinei te mara ā-roto e whakarato ana i te kaha wehenga, ā, ka arahi ki te Voc pai me te Isc kino mō te pūnaha whakapiri YBCO-Ag i te pāmahana rūma, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1e. Waihoki, ka taea e te Ag-YBCO te hanga i tētahi hononga Schottky momo-p e arahi ana hoki ki tētahi pūmanawa atanga me te polarity rite tonu ki te tauira i whakaaturia i runga ake nei24.
Hei tirotiro i te tukanga whanaketanga taipitopito o ngā āhuatanga photovoltaic i te wā o te whakawhiti superconducting o YBCO, i inehia ngā pihi IV o te tauira i te 80 K me ngā kaha laser kua tohua e whakamārama ana i te electrode cathode (Pikitia 2). Ki te kore he hihi laser, ka noho tonu te ngaohiko puta noa i te tauira ki te kore ahakoa te iahiko, e tohu ana i te āhua superconducting o te tauira i te 80 K (Pikitia 2a). He rite ki ngā raraunga i whiwhihia i te 50 K, ka neke iho ngā pihi IV e whakarara ana ki te tuaka-I me te kaha laser e piki haere ana kia tae rā anō ki te uara matua Pc. I runga ake i tēnei kaha laser matua (Pc), ka uru te superconductor ki te whakawhiti mai i te wāhanga superconducting ki te wāhanga ātete; ka tīmata te piki haere o te ngaohiko me te iahiko nā te putanga mai o te ātete i roto i te superconductor. Nō reira, ka tīmata te pihi IV ki te whakawhiti ki te tuaka-I me te tuaka-V e arahi ana ki te Voc kino me te Isc pai i te tīmatanga. Inaianei kei te āhua motuhake te tauira kei reira te polarity o Voc me Isc he tino tairongo ki te kaha mārama; me te pikinga iti rawa o te kaha o te māramatanga, ka hurihia te Isc mai i te uara pai ki te uara kino, me te Voc mai i te uara kino ki te uara pai, e whakawhiti ana i te pūtake (ka kitea mārama ake te aro nui o ngā āhuatanga photovoltaic, inā koa te uara o te Isc, ki te māramatanga o te māramatanga i te Pikitia 2b). I te kaha teitei rawa o te taiaho e wātea ana, ko te tikanga kia whakarara ngā pihi IV tetahi ki tetahi, e tohu ana i te āhua noa o te tauira YBCO.
Kei te taha o ngā irahiko katote te pokapū irahiko taiaho (tirohia te Pikitia 1i). a, ngā kōpiko IV o te YBCO kua whakamāramahia ki ngā kaha taiaho rerekē. b (runga), Te whakawhirinakitanga o te kaha taiaho ki te ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera Voc me te iahiko ara iahiko poto Isc. Kāore e taea te whiwhi i ngā uara Isc i te kaha mārama iti (< 110 mW/cm2) nā te mea he whakarara ngā kōpiko IV ki te tuaka-I ina kei roto te tauira i te āhua superconducting. b (raro), te ātete rerekētanga hei mahi a te kaha taiaho.
Ko te whakawhirinakitanga o te kaha o te taiaho o Voc me Isc i te 80 K e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2b (runga). Ka taea te matapaki i ngā āhuatanga photovoltaic i roto i ngā rohe e toru o te kaha o te mārama. Ko te rohe tuatahi kei waenganui i te 0 me te Pc, kei reira te YBCO he superconductor, he kino te Voc ka heke (ka piki te uara tino) me te kaha o te mārama ka tae ki te iti rawa i Pc. Ko te rohe tuarua mai i Pc ki tētahi atu kaha whakahirahira P0, kei reira te Voc ka piki ake i te mea ka heke te Isc me te piki haere o te kaha o te mārama ka tae ki te kore i P0. Ko te rohe tuatoru kei runga ake i te P0 kia tae ra ano ki te āhua noa o te YBCO. Ahakoa he rerekē te Voc me te Isc me te kaha o te mārama i te ara kotahi i te rohe 2, he rerekē te polarity i runga ake i te kaha whakahirahira P0. Ko te hiranga o te P0 kei roto i te korenga o te pānga photovoltaic, ā, ka rerekē te tikanga wehenga utu i tēnei wāhi. Ka noho te tauira YBCO hei kore-superconductor i roto i tēnei awhe o te kaha o te mārama engari kāore anō kia tae ki te āhua noa.
He mārama, he hononga tata ngā āhuatanga photovoltaic o te pūnaha ki te superconductivity o YBCO me tana whakawhiti superconductivity. Ko te ātete rerekētanga, dV/dI, o YBCO e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2b (raro) hei mahi a te kaha o te laser. E ai ki te kōrero i mua, ko te pūmanawa hiko kua hangaia i roto i te atanga nā ngā pūwāhi horapa takirua Cooper mai i te superconductor ki te konganuku. He rite ki te mea i kitea i te 50 K, ka whakanuia te pānga photovoltaic me te pikinga o te kaha laser mai i te 0 ki te Pc. Ina tae te kaha laser ki te uara i runga ake i te Pc, ka tīmata te piko o te pihi IV, ā, ka tīmata te puta o te ātete o te tauira, engari kāore anō kia rerekē te polarity o te pūmanawa atanga. Kua tirotirohia te pānga o te whakaoho whatu ki te superconductivity i roto i te rohe e kitea ana, e tata ana rānei ki te IR. Ahakoa ko te tukanga taketake ko te wawahi i ngā takirua Cooper me te whakangaro i te superconductivity25,26, i ētahi wā ka taea te whakanui ake i te whakawhiti superconductivity27,28,29, ka taea te whakaoho i ngā wāhanga hou o te superconductivity30. Ko te korenga o te superconductivity i Pc ka taea te kī ko te pakaru o te takirua i puta mai i te whakaahua. I te pūwāhi P0, ka kore te pūmanawa puta noa i te atanga, e tohu ana ko te kiato utu i ngā taha e rua o te atanga ka eke ki te taumata kotahi i raro i tēnei kaha o te māramatanga mārama. Ko te pikinga ake o te kaha o te laser ka hua ake he maha atu ngā takirua Cooper e whakangaromia ana, ā, ka huri mārire a YBCO ki te rauemi momo-p. Engari ko te horapa o te irahiko me te takirua Cooper, ko te āhuatanga o te atanga ka whakatauhia inaianei e te horapa o te irahiko me te kōhao e arahi ana ki te hurihanga o te āpure hiko i roto i te atanga, ā, nō reira he Voc pai (whakatairitehia te Pikitia 1d, h). I te kaha laser tino teitei, ka kī te ātete rerekētanga o te YBCO ki te uara e rite ana ki te āhua noa, ā, ka rerekē haere a Voc me Isc i te kaha laser (Pikitia 2b). E whakaatu ana tēnei kitenga kāore te hihi laser i runga i te āhua noa e whakarerekē i tōna ātete me te āhuatanga o te atanga superconductor-metara engari ka whakanui noa i te kukū o ngā takirua irahiko-kōhao.
Hei tirotiro i te pānga o te pāmahana ki ngā āhuatanga photovoltaic, i whakamāramahia te pūnaha whakarewa-superconductor ki te cathode me te laser kikorangi o te kaha 502 mW/cm2. Ko ngā kōpiko IV i whiwhihia i ngā pāmahana kua tohua i waenga i te 50 me te 300 K ka hoatu ki te Pikitia 3a. Ka taea te tiki i te ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera Voc, te iahiko ara iahiko poto Isc me te ātete rerekētanga mai i ēnei kōpiko IV, ā, ka whakaaturia ki te Pikitia 3b. Ki te kore he māramatanga mārama, ka hipa ngā kōpiko IV katoa i inehia i ngā pāmahana rerekē i te pūtake e ai ki te tumanako (whakaurunga o te Pikitia 3a). Ka rerekē rawa ngā āhuatanga IV me te pikinga o te pāmahana ina whakamāramahia te pūnaha e te hihi laser kaha (502 mW/cm2). I ngā pāmahana iti, he rārangi tika ngā kōpiko IV e whakarara ana ki te tuaka-I me ngā uara kino o Voc. Ka neke ake tēnei kōpiko me te pikinga o te pāmahana, ā, ka huri haere hei rārangi me te pari korekore i te pāmahana matua Tcp (Pikitia 3a (runga)). Te āhua nei ka huri katoa ngā kōpiko āhuatanga IV huri noa i tētahi pūwāhi i te hauwhā tuatoru. Ka piki ake te Voc mai i te uara kino ki te uara pai, ko te Isc ka heke iho i te uara pai ki te uara kino. I runga ake i te pāmahana whakawhiti superconducting taketake Tc o YBCO, ka rerekē te huringa o te pihi IV me te pāmahana (te raro o te Pikitia 3a). Tuatahi, ka neke te pokapū hurihanga o ngā pihi IV ki te hauwhā tuatahi. Tuarua, ka heke tonu te Voc, ā, ka piki ake te Isc me te piki haere o te pāmahana (te tihi o te Pikitia 3b). Tuatoru, ka piki haere te pari o ngā pihi IV i te taha o te pāmahana, ka hua ake he tauwehenga pāmahana pai mō te ātete mō te YBCO (te raro o te Pikitia 3b).
Te whakawhirinakitanga pāmahana o ngā āhuatanga photovoltaic mō te pūnaha whakapiri YBCO-Ag i raro i te whakamārama taiaho 502 mW/cm2.
Kei te whakanohohia te pokapū ira taiaho ki te taha o ngā irahiko katote (tirohia te Pikitia 1i). a, ngā pihi IV i whiwhihia mai i te 50 ki te 90 K (runga) me te 100 ki te 300 K (raro) me te pikinga pāmahana o te 5 K me te 20 K, ia. E whakaatu ana te whakaaturanga a i ngā āhuatanga IV i ētahi pāmahana i te pōuri. Ka whiti ngā pihi katoa i te pūwāhi pūtake. b, te ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera Voc me te iahiko ara iahiko poto Isc (runga) me te ātete rerekētanga, dV/dI, o YBCO (raro) hei pānga o te pāmahana. Kāore i hoatu te pāmahana whakawhiti superconducting ātete kore Tcp nā te mea he tata rawa ki Tc0.
E toru ngā pāmahana tino nui ka kitea mai i te Pikitia 3b: Tcp, i runga ake nei ka noho ko te YBCO kāore e tino ārahi; Tc0, i reira ka noho ko te Voc me te Isc i te kore, ā, ko Tc, te pāmahana whakawhiti tino ārahi taketake o te YBCO me te kore he hihi laser. I raro iho i te Tcp ~ 55 K, ko te YBCO kua whakamāramahia ki te laser kei roto i te āhua tino ārahi me te kukū teitei o ngā takirua Cooper. Ko te pānga o te hihi laser ko te whakaiti i te pāmahana whakawhiti tino ārahi ātete kore mai i te 89 K ki te ~ 55 K (te raro o te Pikitia 3b) mā te whakaiti i te kukū o te takirua Cooper me te whakaputa i te ngaohiko me te iahiko photovoltaic. Mā te whakanui ake i te pāmahana ka pakaruhia hoki ngā takirua Cooper, ka iti ake te pūmanawa i roto i te atanga. Nō reira, ka iti haere te uara tino o te Voc, ahakoa ka whakamahia te kaha o te whakamārama laser. Ka iti haere te pūmanawa atanga me te pikinga ake o te pāmahana, ā, ka tae ki te kore i te Tc0. Kāore he pānga photovoltaic i tēnei wāhi motuhake nā te mea kāore he mara o roto hei wehe i ngā takirua irahiko-pōha i whakaawehia e te whakaahua. Ka puta te hurihanga o te pūmanawa i runga ake i tēnei pāmahana matua, nā te mea he nui ake te mātotoru utu kore utu i roto i te whakapiri Ag i tērā i roto i te YBCO e whakawhitihia ana ki tētahi rauemi momo-p. I konei ka hiahia mātou ki te whakanui ko te hurihanga o te pūmanawa o Voc me Isc ka puta tonu i muri i te whakawhiti superconducting ātete kore, ahakoa te take o te whakawhiti. Mā tēnei kitenga ka kitea mārama, mō te wā tuatahi, te hononga i waenga i te superconductivity me ngā pānga photovoltaic e pā ana ki te pūmanawa atanga whakarewa-superconductor. Ko te āhua o tēnei pūmanawa puta noa i te atanga whakarewa-superconductor noa he arotahi rangahau mō ngā tekau tau kua hipa, engari he maha ngā pātai kei te tatari tonu kia whakautua. Ko te ine i te pānga photovoltaic ka whai hua pea hei tikanga mō te tūhura i ngā taipitopito (pēnei i tōna kaha me te pōlarity me ētahi atu) o tēnei pūmanawa nui, ā, nō reira ka whakamārama i te pānga tata superconducting pāmahana teitei.
Ko te pikinga ake o te pāmahana mai i Tc0 ki Tc ka hua ake he iti ake te kukū o ngā takirua Cooper me te whakanui ake i te pūmanawa atanga, ā, nō reira ka nui ake te Voc. I Tc ka kore te kukū o te takirua Cooper, ā, ka eke te pūmanawa hanga-roto i te atanga ki te mōrahi, ka hua ake ko te Voc mōrahi me te Isc iti rawa. Ko te pikinga tere o Voc me Isc (uara tino) i roto i tēnei awhe pāmahana e rite ana ki te whakawhiti superconducting e whānuitia ana mai i ΔT ~ 3 K ki ~34 K mā te hihi laser o te kaha 502 mW/cm2 (Pikitia 3b). I ngā āhua noa i runga ake i te Tc, ka heke te ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera Voc me te pāmahana (runga o te Pikitia 3b), he rite ki te whanonga raina o Voc mō ngā pūtau solar noa i runga i ngā hononga pn31,32,33. Ahakoa he iti ake te tere huringa o Voc me te pāmahana (−dVoc/dT), e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te kaha laser, i tērā o ngā pūtau solar noa, he rite tonu te rahi o te tauwehenga pāmahana o Voc mō te hononga YBCO-Ag ki tērā o ngā pūtau solar. Ka piki ake te ia turuturu o te hononga pn mō tētahi taputapu pūtau rā noa i te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka heke te Voc i te pikinga o te pāmahana. Ko ngā kōpiko IV rārangi i kitea mō tēnei pūnaha Ag-superconductor, tuatahi nā te iti rawa o te pūmanawa atanga, tuarua nā te hononga whakamuri o ngā hononga heterohono e rua, ka uaua ki te whakatau i te ia turuturu. Heoi anō, he tino tūponotanga ko te whakawhirinakitanga pāmahana ōrite ki te ia turuturu te take o te whanonga Voc i kitea i roto i tā mātou whakamātautau. E ai ki te whakamāramatanga, ko Isc te ia e hiahiatia ana hei whakaputa i te ngaohiko kino hei utu i te Voc kia kore ai te ngaohiko katoa. I te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka iti haere te Voc, ā, ka iti ake te ia e hiahiatia ana hei whakaputa i te ngaohiko kino. Hei tāpiri, ka piki haere te ātete o YBCO i te pāmahana i runga ake i te Tc (raro o te Pikitia 3b), e whai wāhi ana hoki ki te iti ake o te uara tino o Isc i ngā pāmahana teitei.
Kia mōhio koe, ko ngā hua i roto i ngā Pikitia 2,3 i whiwhi mā te whakamahi i te hihi laser ki te rohe e karapoti ana i ngā irahiko cathode. Kua whakamātauhia anō hoki ngā inenga me te wāhi laser i whakanohoia ki te anode, ā, kua kitea ngā āhuatanga IV me ngā āhuatanga photovoltaic rite tonu, engari kua hurihia te polarity o Voc me Isc i tēnei take. Ko ēnei raraunga katoa ka arahi ki tētahi tikanga mō te pānga photovoltaic, e pā tata ana ki te atanga superconductor-metara.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, kua inehia ngā āhuatanga IV o te pūnaha whakapiri YBCO-Ag e whakakā ana i te hihi laser hei pānga o te pāmahana me te kaha o te hihi laser. Kua kitea he pānga photovoltaic whakamiharo i roto i te awhe pāmahana mai i te 50 ki te 300 K. Kua kitea he hononga kaha o ngā āhuatanga photovoltaic ki te superconductivity o ngā uku YBCO. Ka puta he hurihanga polarity o Voc me Isc i muri tonu i te whakawhiti superconducting photo-induced ki te kore-superconducting. Ko te whakawhirinakitanga pāmahana o Voc me Isc i inehia i te kaha laser pumau e whakaatu ana hoki i te hurihanga polarity motuhake i te pāmahana nui i runga ake nei ka noho te tauira hei ātete. Mā te whakanoho i te wāhi hihi laser ki tetahi wāhanga rerekē o te tauira, ka whakaatuhia e mātou he pūmanawa hiko puta noa i te atanga, e whakarato ana i te kaha wehenga mō ngā takirua irahiko-pōha i whakakāhia e te whakaahua. Ka anga atu tēnei pūmanawa atanga mai i YBCO ki te irahiko whakarewa i te wā e superconducting ana a YBCO, ā, ka huri ki te taha ke ina noho te tauira hei kore-superconducting. Tērā pea he hononga tūturu te pūtake o te pūmanawa ki te pānga tata i te atanga whakarewa-superconductor ina he superconductor a YBCO, ā, e kiia ana he ~10−8 mV i te 50 K me te kaha laser o te 502 mW/cm2. Ko te pānga o tētahi rauemi momo-p YBCO i te āhua noa me tētahi rauemi momo-n Ag-paste ka hanga i tētahi hononga quasi-pn e kawenga ana mō te whanonga photovoltaic o ngā uku YBCO i ngā pāmahana teitei. Mā ngā kitenga i runga ake nei ka whakamārama i te pānga PV i roto i ngā uku YBCO superconductor pāmahana teitei, ā, ka whakatuwhera i te ara ki ngā tono hou i roto i ngā taputapu optoelectronic pērā i te pūoko mārama tere me te pūoko photon kotahi.
I whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau pānga photovoltaic ki runga i tētahi tauira uku YBCO he 0.52 mm te matotoru me te āhua tapawhā 8.64 × 2.26 mm2, ā, i whakamāramahia e te laser kikorangi ngaru tonu (λ = 450 nm) me te rahi o te ira laser he 1.25 mm te radius. Mā te whakamahi i te tauira papatipu kaua ki te tauira kiriata angiangi ka taea e tātou te ako i ngā āhuatanga photovoltaic o te superconductor me te kore e aro ki te awe uaua o te papa6,7. I tua atu, ka taea e te rauemi papatipu te whai hua mō tana tukanga whakarite ngāwari me te utu iti. Ka honoa ngā waea mata parahi ki runga i te tauira YBCO me te whakapiri hiriwa e hanga ana i ngā irahiko porowhita e whā, tata ki te 1 mm te whānui. Ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā irahiko ngaohiko e rua he tata ki te 5 mm. I inehia ngā āhuatanga IV o te tauira mā te whakamahi i te magnetometer tauira wiri (VersaLab, Quantum Design) me te matapihi karaihe quartz. I whakamahia te tikanga waea-whā paerewa hei tiki i ngā pihi IV. Ko ngā tūranga whanaunga o ngā irahiko me te ira laser e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1i.
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Kua tautokona tēnei mahi e te National Natural Science Foundation of China (Tauākī Nama 60571063), ngā Kaupapa Rangahau Taketake o te Porowini o Henan, Haina (Tauākī Nama 122300410231).
Nā FY i tuhi te tuhinga o te pepa, ā, nā MYH i whakarite te tauira uku YBCO. Nā FY rāua ko MYH i whakahaere te whakamātautau, ā, i tātarihia ngā hua. Nā FGC i ārahi te kaupapa me te whakamārama pūtaiao o ngā raraunga. I arotakehia e ngā kaituhi katoa te tuhinga.
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Yang, F., Han, M. & Chang, F. Te pūtake o te pānga photovoltaic i roto i ngā uku YBa2Cu3O6.96 superconducting. Sci Rep 5, 11504 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11504
Mā te tuku kōrero e whakaae ana koe ki te whai i ā mātou Ture me ngā Aratohu Hapori. Mēnā ka kitea e koe tētahi mea e tukino ana, e kore rānei e tutuki i ā mātou ture, aratohu rānei, tohua he mea kāore i te tika.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-22-2020