China is a country with vast territory, superior ore-forming geological conditions, complete mineral resources and abundant resources. It is a large mineral resource with its own resources.
From the perspective of mineralization, the world’s three major metallogenic domains have entered China, so the mineral resources are abundant, and the mineral resources are relatively complete. China has discovered 171 kinds of minerals, of which 156 have proven reserves, and its potential value ranks third in the world.
According to the proven reserves, there are 45 kinds of dominant minerals in China. Some of the mineral reserves are quite abundant, such as rare earth metals, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, sulfur, magnesite, boron, coal, etc., all ranking in the forefront of the world. Among them, the five kinds of mineral reserves are the world’s first. Let’s take a look at which kinds of minerals.
1. Tungsten ore
China is the country with the richest tungsten resources in the world. There are 252 proven mineral deposits distributed in 23 provinces (districts). In terms of provinces (regions), Hunan (mainly scheelite) and Jiangxi (black-tungsten ore) are the largest, with reserves accounting for 33.8% and 20.7% of the total national reserves respectively; Henan, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, etc. The province (district) is second.
The main tungsten mining areas include Hunan Shizhuyuan Tungsten Mine, Jiangxi Xihua Mountain, Daji Mountain, Pangu Mountain, Guimei Mountain, Guangdong Lianhuashan Tungsten Mine, Fujian Luoluokeng Tungsten Mine, Gansu Ta’ergou Tungsten Mine, and Henan Sandaozhuang Aluminum Tungsten Mine and so on.
Dayu County, Jiangxi Province, China is the world famous “Tungsten Capital”. There are more than 400 tungsten mines dotted around. After the Opium War, the Germans first discovered tungsten there. At that time, they only secretly bought the mining rights for 500 yuan. After the discovery of the patriotic people, they have risen to protect mines and mines. After many negotiations, I finally recovered the mining rights at 1,000 yuan in 1908 and raised funds for mining. This is the earliest tungsten mine development industry in Weinan.
Core and specimen of Dangping tungsten deposit, Dayu County, Jiangxi Province
Second, antimony ore
锑 is a silver-gray metal with corrosion resistance. The main role of niobium in alloys is to increase hardness, often referred to as hardeners for metals or alloys.
China is one of the countries in the world that discovered and used antimony ore earlier. In the ancient books such as “Hanshu Food and Food” and “Historical Records”, there are records of confrontation. At that time, they were not called 锑, but called “Lianxi.” After the founding of New China, a large-scale geological exploration and development of Yankuang Mine was carried out, and the volatile smelting of sulphurized sulphide concentrate blast furnace was developed. China’s antimony ore reserves and production rank first in the world, and a large number of exports, the production of high-purity metal bismuth (including 99.999%) and high-quality super white, representing the world’s advanced production level.
China is the country with the largest reserves of plutonium resources in the world, accounting for 52% of the global total. There are 171 known Yankuang mines, mainly distributed in Hunan, Guangxi, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou and Gansu. The total reserves of the six provinces accounted for 87.2% of the total identified resources. The province with the largest reserves of 锑 resources is Hunan. The cold water city of the province is the world’s largest antimony mine, accounting for one-third of the country’s annual output.
This resource of the United States is heavily dependent on China’s imports and is more valuable than rare earths. It is reported that 60% of the Yankuang imported from the United States comes from China. As China’s status in the international are getting higher and higher, we have gradually mastered some right to speak. In 2002, China proposed to adopt a quota system for exporting Yankuang, and firmly grasp resources in its own hands. In, to develop the research and development of their own country.
Third, bentonite
Bentonite is a valuable non-metallic mineral resource, mainly composed of montmorillonite with a layered structure. Because bentonite has a series of excellent properties such as swelling, adsorption, suspension, dispersibility, ion exchange, stability, thixotropy, etc., it has more than 1000 uses, so it has the name of “universal clay”; it can be processed into Adhesives, suspending agents, thixotropic agents, catalysts, clarifiers, adsorbents, chemical carriers, etc. are used in various fields and are known as “universal materials”.
China’s bentonite resources are very rich, with a projected resource of more than 7 billion tons. It is available in a wide range of calcium-based bentonites and sodium-based bentonites, as well as hydrogen-based, aluminum-based, soda-calcium-based and unclassified bentonites. The reserves of sodium bentonite are 586.334 million tons, accounting for 24% of the total reserves; the prospective reserves of sodium bentonite are 351.586 million tons; the types of aluminum and hydrogen other than calcium and sodium bentonite account for about 42%.
Fourth, titanium
In terms of reserves, according to estimates, the world’s total ilmenite and rutile resources exceed 2 billion tons, and the economically exploitable reserves are 770 million tons. Among the globally clear reserves of titanium resources, ilmenite accounts for 94%, and the rest is rutile. China is the country with the largest reserves of ilmenite, with reserves of 220 million tons, accounting for 28.6% of the world’s total reserves. Australia, India and South Africa are ranked second to fourth. In terms of production, the top four global titanium ore production in 2016 were South Africa, China, Australia and Mozambique.
Global titanium ore reserves distribution in 2016
China’s titanium ore is distributed in more than 10 provinces and autonomous regions. The titanium ore is mainly titanium ore, rutile ore and ilmenite ore in vanadium-titanium magnetite. Titanium in vanadium-titanium magnetite is mainly produced in the Panzhihua area of Sichuan. Rutile mines are mainly produced in Hubei, Henan, Shanxi and other provinces. Ilmenite ore is mainly produced in Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces (regions). The TiO2 reserves of ilmenite are 357 million tons, ranking first in the world.
Five, rare earth ore
China is a large country with rare earth resources reserves. It is not only rich in reserves, but also has the advantages of complete minerals and rare earth elements, high grade of rare earths and reasonable distribution of ore points, laying a solid foundation for the development of China’s rare earth industry.
China’s main rare earth minerals include: Baiyun Ebo rare earth mine, Shandong Weishan rare earth mine, Suining rare earth mine, Jiangxi weathering shell leaching type rare earth mine, Hunan brown trout mine and coastal sand mine on long coastline.
The Baiyun Obo rare earth ore is symbiotic with iron. The main rare earth minerals are fluorocarbon antimony ore and monazite. The ratio is 3:1, which has reached the rare earth recovery grade. Therefore, it is called mixed ore. The total rare earth REO is 35 million tons, accounting for about 35 million tons. 38% of the world’s reserves are the world’s largest rare earth mine.
The Weishan rare earth ore and the Suining rare earth ore are mainly composed of bastnasite ore, accompanied by barite, etc., and are relatively easy to select rare earth ores.
Jiangxi weathering crust leaching rare earth ore is a new type of rare earth mineral. Its smelting and smelting is relatively simple, and it contains medium and heavy rare earths. It is a kind of rare earth ore with market competitiveness.
China’s coastal sands are also extremely rich. The coastline of the South China Sea and the coastlines of Hainan Island and Taiwan Island can be called the gold coast of coastal sand deposits. There are modern sedimentary sand deposits and ancient sand mines, of which monazite and xenotime are treated. Seaside sand is recovered as a by-product when it recovers ilmenite and zircon.
Although China’s mineral resources are very rich, but people are 58% of the world’s per capita possession, ranking 53rd in the world. And China’s resource endowment characteristics are poor and difficult to mine, difficult to choose, difficult to mine. Most of the deposits with proven reserves of bauxite and other large minerals are poor ore. In addition, the superior minerals such as tungsten ore are over-exploited, and most of them are used for export, resulting in low prices of mineral products and waste of resources. It is necessary to further increase rectification efforts, protect resources, ensure development, and establish a global voice in dominant mineral resources. Source: Mining Exchange
Post time: Nov-11-2019