Ngokwengxelo malunga neFuture Trends of Hydrogen Energy ekhutshwe yiInternational Hydrogen Energy Commission, imfuno yehlabathi yamandla e-hydrogen iya kwanda ngokuphindwe kalishumi ngo-2050 kwaye ifikelele kwiitoni ezingama-520 ezigidi ngo-2070. Kakade ke, imfuno yamandla e-hydrogen kulo naliphi na ishishini ibandakanya lonke uthotho lwemizi-mveliso, kuquka ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa, urhwebo lwe-hydrogen, ukusasazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen. Ngokutsho kweKomiti yeHlabathi ye-Hydrogen Energy, ixabiso lemveliso yothotho lwemizi-mveliso ye-hydrogen yehlabathi liya kudlula kwi-2.5 trillion yeedola zaseMelika ngo-2050.
Ngokusekelwe kwimeko enkulu yokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-hydrogen kunye nexabiso elikhulu lekhonkco lemizi-mveliso, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-hydrogen akubanga yindlela ebalulekileyo kumazwe amaninzi yokufezekisa utshintsho lwamandla, kodwa kwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, amazwe kunye nemimandla engama-42 ikhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo yamandla e-hydrogen, kwaye amazwe kunye nemimandla engama-36 alungiselela imigaqo-nkqubo yamandla e-hydrogen.
Kwimarike yokhuphiswano lwamandla e-hydrogen kwihlabathi liphela, amazwe asakhasayo ajolise ngaxeshanye kushishino lwe-hydrogen eluhlaza. Umzekelo, urhulumente waseIndiya wabela i-2.3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ukuxhasa ishishini le-hydrogen eluhlaza, iprojekthi yesixeko saseSaudi Arabia i-super future NEOM ijolise ekwakheni isityalo sokuvelisa i-hydrogen nge-hydrolysis ene-gigawatts ezingaphezu kwe-2 kummandla wayo, kwaye i-United Arab Emirates iceba ukuchitha i-400 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika minyaka le kwiminyaka emihlanu ukwandisa imarike ye-hydrogen eluhlaza. IBrazil neChile eMzantsi Melika kunye ne-Egypt neNamibia e-Afrika nazo zibhengeze izicwangciso zokutyala imali kwi-hydrogen eluhlaza. Ngenxa yoko, i-International Energy Organisation iqikelela ukuba imveliso ye-hydrogen eluhlaza kwihlabathi liphela iya kufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-36,000 ngo-2030 kunye neetoni ezingama-320 ezigidi ngo-2050.
Uphuhliso lwamandla e-hydrogen kumazwe aphuhlileyo luzimisele ngakumbi kwaye lubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kwixabiso lokusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen. Ngokwe-National Clean Hydrogen Energy Strategy and Roadmap ekhutshwe yi-US Department of Energy, imfuno ye-hydrogen yasekhaya e-US iya kunyuka iye kwiitoni ezili-10 zezigidi, iitoni ezingama-20 zezigidi kunye neetoni ezingama-50 zezigidi ngonyaka ngokulandelelana ngo-2030, 2040 nango-2050. Okwangoku, iindleko zokuvelisa i-hydrogen ziya kuncitshiswa ziye kwi-$2 ngekhilogram ngo-2030 kunye ne-$1 ngekhilogram ngo-2035. Umthetho waseMzantsi Korea woKhuthaza uQoqosho lwe-Hydrogen kunye noLawulo loKhuseleko lwe-Hydrogen ukwabeka phambili injongo yokutshintsha ioyile ekrwada engeniswe kwamanye amazwe nge-hydrogen engeniswe kwamanye amazwe ngo-2050. IJapan iya kuhlaziya icebo layo elisisiseko lamandla e-hydrogen ekupheleni kukaMeyi ukuze yandise ukungeniswa kwamandla e-hydrogen, kwaye igxininise imfuneko yokukhawulezisa utyalo-mali ekwakheni uthotho lokubonelela ngamazwe ngamazwe.
IYurophu ikwathatha amanyathelo aqhubekayo kumandla e-hydrogen. Isicwangciso se-EU Repower EU sicebisa ukufezekisa injongo yokuvelisa nokungenisa iitoni ezili-10 lezigidi ze-hydrogen evuselelekayo ngonyaka ngo-2030. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-EU iza kubonelela ngenkxaso-mali kumandla e-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-European Hydrogen Bank kunye ne-Investment Europe Plan.
ILondon – I-Hydrogen eHlaziyiweyo inokuthengiswa ngaphantsi kwe-1 euro/kg phantsi kwemiqathango yeBhanki epapashwe yiKhomishini yaseYurophu ngoMatshi 31 ukuba abavelisi bafumana inkxaso ephezulu kwiBhanki yeHydrogen yaseYurophu, idatha ye-ICIS ibonisile.
Le bhanki, eyabhengezwa ngoSeptemba 2022, ijolise ekuxhaseni abavelisi be-hydrogen ngenkqubo yokubhida kwifandesi ebeka ababhidi ngokwexabiso ngekhilogram ye-hydrogen.
Isebenzisa i-Innovation Fund, iKhomishini iza kunika i-€800 yezigidi kwifandesi yokuqala yokufumana inkxaso kwiBhanki yoPhuhliso yaseYurophu, kunye nezibonelelo ezimiselweyo kwi-€4 ngekhilogram. I-hydrogen eza kuthengiswa kwifandesi kufuneka ihambelane noMthetho woGunyaziso lweeFuels eziVuselelekayo (RFNBO), okwaziwa ngokuba yiRenewable Hydrogen, kwaye iprojekthi kufuneka ifikelele kumthamo opheleleyo kwiminyaka emithathu enesiqingatha yokufumana inkxaso-mali. Nje ukuba imveliso ye-hydrogen iqale, imali iya kufumaneka.
Umntu ophumeleleyo uza kufumana isixa esimiselweyo, ngokusekwe kwinani leebhidi, kangangeminyaka elishumi. Abantu abafaka izicelo abanakufikelela kwi-33% yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali olukhoyo kwaye kufuneka babe nobungakanani beprojekthi obuyi-5MW ubuncinane.
€1 ngekhilogram ye-hydrogen
INetherlands iza kuvelisa i-hydrogen evuselelekayo ukususela ngo-2026 isebenzisa isivumelwano sokuThenga amandla avuselelekayo seminyaka eli-10 (PPA) ngexabiso le-4.58 euros/kg ngokwesiseko sokwahlulwa kweprojekthi, ngokutsho kwedatha yovavanyo lwe-ICIS yomhla wesi-4 ku-Epreli. Kwi-hydrogen evuselelekayo ye-PPA yeminyaka eli-10, i-ICIS ibale ukubuyiselwa kotyalo-mali lweendleko kwi-electrolyzer ngexesha le-PPA, oko kuthetha ukuba iindleko ziya kubuyiselwa ekupheleni kwexesha lenkxaso.
Njengoko abavelisi be-hydrogen benokufumana inkxaso-mali epheleleyo ye-€4 ngekhilogram, oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka i-€0.58 ngekhilogram ye-hydrogen kuphela ukuze kufezekiswe ukubuyiswa kweendleko zemali. Abavelisi ke ngoko kufuneka bahlawulise abathengi imali engaphantsi kwe-euro e-1 ngekhilogram ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi iyalingana.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-10-2023