E ai ki te pūrongo mō ngā Ahurea o te Pūngao Hauwai ā-Ao i tukuna e te International Hydrogen Energy Commission, ka piki ake te hiahia o te ao mō te pūngao hauwai tekau ngā wā i te tau 2050, ā, ka eke ki te 520 miriona tana i te tau 2070. Ko te tikanga, ko te hiahia mō te pūngao hauwai i roto i tētahi ahumahi e pā ana ki te mekameka ahumahi katoa, tae atu ki te hanga hauwai, te rokiroki me te kawe, te hokohoko hauwai, te tohatoha me te whakamahinga hauwai. E ai ki te International Committee on Hydrogen Energy, ko te uara putanga o te mekameka ahumahi hauwai o te ao ka neke atu i te 2.5 trillion tāra US i te tau 2050.
I runga i te whakamahinga nui o te pūngao hauwai me te uara nui o te mekameka ahumahi, ko te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o te pūngao hauwai ehara i te mea he ara nui mō te maha o ngā whenua ki te whakatutuki i te whakawhiti pūngao, engari kua waiho hei wāhanga nui o te whakataetae o te ao.
E ai ki ngā tatauranga tuatahi, e 42 ngā whenua me ngā rohe kua whakaputa kaupapa here mō te pūngao hauwai, ā, e 36 ngā whenua me ngā rohe kei te whakarite kaupapa here mō te pūngao hauwai.
I roto i te mākete whakataetae pūngao hauwai o te ao, kei te arotahi ngā whenua o te mākete hou ki te umanga hauwai matomato i te wā kotahi. Hei tauira, i tohaina e te kāwanatanga o Īnia te 2.3 piriona tāra US hei tautoko i te umanga hauwai matomato, ko te kaupapa tāone nui o Saudi Arabia, NEOM, e whai ana ki te hanga i tētahi tipu whakaputa hauwai wai me te neke atu i te 2 gigawatts i roto i tōna rohe, ā, kei te whakamahere te United Arab Emirates ki te whakapau i te 400 piriona tāra US ia tau i roto i ngā tau e rima hei whakawhānui i te mākete hauwai matomato. Kua whakapuakina hoki e Brazil me Chile i Amerika ki te Tonga me Ihipa me Namibia i Awherika ngā mahere ki te haumi ki te hauwai matomato. Nō reira, e matapaetia ana e te International Energy Organization ka eke te whakaputanga hauwai matomato o te ao ki te 36,000 tana i te tau 2030 me te 320 miriona tana i te tau 2050.
He nui ake te hiahia mō te whanaketanga o te pūngao hauwai i ngā whenua whakawhanake, ā, he nui ake ngā whakaritenga mō te utu o te whakamahinga hauwai. E ai ki te Rautaki me te Mahere Ara mō te Pūngao Hauwai Ma o te Motu i whakaputaina e te Tari Pūngao o Amerika, ka piki te hiahia mō te hauwai ā-rohe i te US ki te 10 miriona tana, 20 miriona tana me te 50 miriona tana ia tau i te tau 2030, 2040 me te 2050. I taua wā, ka whakaitihia te utu o te hanga hauwai ki te $2 ia kg i te tau 2030 me te $1 ia kg i te tau 2035. Kei roto hoki i te Ture a Korea ki te Tonga mō te Whakatairanga i te Ōhanga Hauwai me te Whakahaere Haumaru Hauwai te whāinga kia whakakapia te hinu mata kawemai ki te hauwai kawemai i te tau 2050. Ka whakahoutia e Hapani tana rautaki pūngao hauwai taketake i te mutunga o Mei hei whakawhānui ake i te kawemai o te pūngao hauwai, ā, i whakanuia te hiahia kia tere ake te haumi ki te hanga i tētahi mekameka tuku o te ao.
Kei te mahi tonu a Ūropi i ngā nekehanga mō te pūngao hauwai. E whakaaro ana te mahere a te EU Repower EU kia tutuki te whāinga o te whakaputa me te kawemai i te 10 miriona tāne o te hauwai hou ia tau i te tau 2030. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, ka tautoko te EU i te pūtea mō te pūngao hauwai mā roto i ētahi kaupapa pēnei i te European Hydrogen Bank me te Investment Europe Plan.
Rānana – E ai ki ngā raraunga ICIS, ka taea te hoko i te Hauwai Whakahou mō te iti iho i te 1 euro/kg i raro i ngā tikanga a te Peeke i whakaputaina e te Komihana Pākehā i te 31 o Poutū-te-rangi, mēnā ka whiwhi ngā kaihanga i te tautoko nui mai i te Peeke Hauwai Pākehā.
I panuitia te peeke i te marama o Hepetema 2022, ā, ko tana whāinga he tautoko i ngā kaihanga hauwai mā te pūnaha tuku tono hokohoko e whakarōpū ana i ngā kaitono i runga i te utu mō ia kirokaramu o te hauwai.
Mā te whakamahi i te Pūtea Auaha, ka tohaina e te Komihana te €800m mō te hokohoko tuatahi kia whiwhi tautoko mai i te Pēke Whakawhanake Pākehā, me te herenga o ngā tahua tautoko ki te €4 mō ia kirokaramu. Me tutuki te hauwai e hokohokohia ana ki te Ture Whakamana Wahie Whakahou (RFNBO), e mōhiotia ana ko te Hauwai Whakahou, ā, me eke te kaupapa ki tōna kaha katoa i roto i ngā tau e toru me te hawhe o te whiwhinga pūtea. Kia tīmata te hanga hauwai, ka wātea te moni.
Kātahi ka whiwhi te kaitono toa i tētahi moni kua whakaritea, i runga i te maha o ngā tono, mō ngā tau tekau. Kāore e taea e ngā kaitono te uru atu ki te neke atu i te 33% o te tahua e wātea ana, ā, me iti rawa te rahi o te kaupapa ki te 5MW.
€1 mō ia kirokaramu o te hauwai
Ka whakaputa a Netherlands i te hauwai whakahou mai i te tau 2026 mā te whakamahi i tētahi Whakaaetanga Hoko Pūngao Whakahou (PPA) mō ngā tau 10 i te utu 4.58 euros/kg i runga i te kaupapa pakaru-taurite, e ai ki ngā raraunga aromatawai a ICIS i te 4 o Paenga-whāwhā. Mō te hauwai whakahou PPA mō ngā tau 10, i tatau a ICIS i te whakahokinga mai o te haumitanga utu ki te electrolyzer i te wā PPA, ko te tikanga ka whakahokia te utu i te mutunga o te wā tautoko.
I te mea ka taea e ngā kaihanga hauwai te whiwhi i te tahua tautoko katoa o te €4 mō ia kg, ko te tikanga he €0.58 noa iho mō ia kg o te hauwai e hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i te whakahokinga mai o ngā utu whakapaipai. Me utu noa ngā kaihanga ki ngā kaihoko i raro iho i te 1 euro mō ia kirokaramu hei whakarite kia eke te utu o te kaupapa.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-10-2023